Q1. An important insight that can be drawn from the research on happiness is that
a. money can buy happiness.
b. attractive people are generally happy people.
c. objective realities are not as important as subjective feelings.
d. collectivist cultures are happier than individualistic cultures.
Q2. Which of the following is the correct order for the five steps in the SQ3R method?
a. survey, question, recite, read, review
b. question, survey, read, recite, review
c. survey, question, review, read, recite
d. survey, question, read, recite, review
Q3. Which of the following best characterizes the correlation between income and subjective feelings of happiness?
a. negligible
b. negative, but weak
c. positive, but weak
d. positive and strong
Q4. A researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn better in school. In this study, the independent variable is
a. the children.
b. the type of diet.
c. the age of the children.
d. a measure of learning.
Q5. Research indicates that people who have heartfelt religious convictions
a. are happier than people who are non-religious.
b. are less happy than people who are non-religious.
c. are more likely to be happy than people who are non-religious.
d. are less happy than people who are non-religious because they have less community support.
Q6. An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the ____ variable and observes whether any changes occur in a(n) ____ variable as a result.
a. control; experimental
b. experimental; control
c. independent; dependent
d. dependent; independent
Q7. Which of the following is the primary advantage of the experimental method?
a. It lacks the ethical concerns of other methods.
b. It lacks the practical concerns of other methods.
c. It broadens the scope of what psychologists can study scientifically.
d. It allows scientists to draw cause-and-effect conclusions.
Q8. 'Psychobabble' is best defined as
a. psychological jargon.
b. textbook definitions.
c. ill-defined terminology.
d. technical terminology.
Q9. Getting hungry upon hearing the advertising tune for a fast-food chain is an example of ____ conditioning.
a. operant
b. social
c. classical
d. emotional
Q10. ____ test requires people to respond to ambiguous stimuli. Inferences about needs, emotions, and personality traits are drawn from the responses.
a. An achievement
b. A projective
c. A self-report inventory
d. A psychological aptitude
Q11. Compared to mental ability tests, personality tests tend to have ____ reliability.
a. higher
b. lower
c. equal
d. more variable
Q12. While no single, dominant personality profile has been found in each culture, cross-cultural comparisons have shown
a. continuity of trait structure.
b. discontinuity of trait structure.
c. all cultures score highest in neuroticism.
d. there are no differences between cultures.
Q13. Which one of the following types of human responses is most likely to be governed by classical conditioning?
a. cognitive
b. emotional
c. psychomotor
d. physiological
Q14. Which of the following individuals based his theory on the importance of the self-concept?
a. Abraham Maslow
b. Carl Rogers
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Hans Eysenck
Q15. A projective test is generally used to measure
a. attitudes.
b. intelligence.
c. academic achievement.
d. personality traits.
Q16. Central to the Freudian conceptualization of personality is
a. the effect of reward and punishment.
b. striving for superiority.
c. how people cope with their own sexual and aggressive urges.
d. the need to self-actualize.
Q17. ____ involves active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands of stress.
a. Coping
b. Adjustment
c. Stress tolerance
d. General adaptation
Q18. Approach-avoidance conflicts often produce
a. vacillation.
b. frustration.
c. aggression.
d. self-directed anger.
Q19. In contrast to the traditional fight-or-flight model of responding to stress, Shelley Taylor and her colleagues have suggested that females may be more likely to engage in a ____ response.
a. run-and-hide
b. tend-and-befriend
c. lock-and-load
d. wait-and-see
Q20. Crowding and noise have been identified as sources of ____ that have been found to be modestly correlated with depression and hostility.
a. acute stress
b. traumatic stress
c. ambient stress
d. rational stress
Q21. One challenge faced by members of ethnic minorities in dealing with everyday discrimination is that manifestations of such discrimination are often
a. imaginary.
b. ambiguous.
c. minor.
d. consistent.
Q22. The general tendency to expect good outcomes is called
a. hardiness.
b. optimism.
c. social support.
d. sensation seeking.
Q23. Secondary appraisal involves
a. making plans to avoid the situation.
b. tapping into your defense mechanisms.
c. soliciting a second opinion about a stressful event.
d. evaluating your coping resources and options.
Q24. Posttraumatic stress disorder involves
a. immediate reaction to stressful war experiences.
b. stress reactions in anticipation of a traumatic event.
c. psychological disturbance due to the experience of a major traumatic event.
d. psychotic reactions to chronic stress, which emerge after one leaves the stressful environment.
Q25. After barely squeezing through Anatomy with a passing grade, you sleep 16 hours a day for the first 10 days of summer break and refuse to see any of your friends. You are in the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
a. alarm
b. exhaustion
c. resistance
d. extinction