Probation and Parole Study Guide
Which of the following is a type of problem-solving court that focuses on defendants with needs relating to substance addiction and dependency?
- Night court
- Sex offender courts
- Drug court
- Diversionary court
There are seven measures that Allen (2011) identified as "mechanisms" through which justice reinvestment initiatives might reduce demand for imprisonment. Which of the following is NOT one of those seven mechanisms?
- Increase taxes to help pay for better prison conditions
- Decrease the number of revocations to prison currently observed in community supervision
- Increase diversion from prosecution
- Reduce the number of persons sentenced to short prison terms in favor of community supervision
What is it called when an offender transitions away from criminal pathways within desistance theories?
- Formalized social controls
- Criminal prescience
- Labeling theory
- Knifing off
Based on the Jalbert and colleagues (2010) article, which of the following is a likely consequence of reduced caseloads?
- Reduced recidivism
- More revocations due to technical violations
- Fewer hours of treatment
- Greater risk assessment scores
What is the name of the theory that points to community destabilization through constant population turnover as a contributing factor in crime in the communities most affected by mass incarceration?
- Coercive Mobility Theory
- Hybrid Theoretical Models
- Temperance Models
- Labeling Theory
Which of the following offenders would be eligible for a problem-solving court discussed in lecture? Hint: Don't read any additional information into these examples that is not explicitly stated here.
- Darren, a homeless veteran, has alcohol dependence and has committed misdemeanor larceny
- Lawrence, a father or two, gets a speeding tick on his way to work
- Katrina, a teenage, stabs a stranger to death and claims self-defense
- Tammy, a middle-aged in-home nurse, is asked to testify against her client
Which one of the following represents one of the major problems Kleiman (2011) notes for community supervision?
- Inconsistent sanctioning of violations
- Parole systems need to release more inmates
- Probation has too much money to sustain evidence-based practices
- Police officers are doing too much of the work of community corrections officers
What is the process through which one curbs criminal behavior called?
- Persistence
- Desistance
- Criminology
- Routine activities
According to the Grattet and Lin (2016) article, which of the following did NOT influence parole violations in their study?
- Markers of criminal dangerousness for individual parolees
- Parolee behaviors
- Public attitudes about parolees in general
- Amount of parole supervision