1. What charge is needed to focus the electrons that are aimed at the target?
a. Positive
b. Negative
c. Neutral
d. Alternating
2. What type of anode is used so that the focused electron beam always strikes a different place?
a. Stationary anode
b. Rotating anode
c. Static anode
d. Target anode
3. What problems can arise from using small focal spots?
a. Increased danger from radiation
b. Burning out the filament
c. Heating up the target too much
d. All of the above
4. To use an anode cooling chart to prevent overheating the x-ray tube, calculate the heat units in which way?
a. kVp x exposure seconds
b. kVp + mA x exposure seconds
c. kVp x mA x exposure seconds
d. kVp/mA x exposure seconds
5. What happens when high energy electrons strike the atoms of the anode?
a. X-rays are produced
b. Direct current is produced
c. X-rays and gamma rays are produced
d. Any of the above may occur
6. For an x-ray photon to be produced within an atom, an electron must:
a. Jump up a shell
b. Jump down a shell
c. Hit another electron
d. Hit the nucleus
7. The energy of a characteristic x-ray:
a. Depends on the binding energy of the electron knocked out of the target atom and the binding energy of the electron that falls into its hole
b. Depends on the velocity of the projectile electron that knocks out the electron from the atom
c. Depends on the length of exposure
d. Depends on the density of the material through which it passes
8. The energy of bremsstrahlung x-rays:
a. Is always less than characteristic x-ray energy
b. Covers a wide spectrum of energies
c. Is predictable depending on the type of atom in the anode
d. All of the above
9. Higher kVp settings produce:
a. Projectile electrons with greater kinetic energy
b. Greater quantity of x-rays in the beam
c. Higher energy x-rays in the beam
d. All of the above
10. Increasing the mA setting of the x-ray tube results in:
a. The same number of projectile electrons with greater energy
b. More projectile electrons with the same energy
c. The same number of projectile electrons with less energy
d. More projectile electrons with more energy
11. Beam hardening refers to:
a. Increasing the mA to produce more x-rays
b. Decreasing the kVp to reduce photoelectric interactions
c. Using filtration to remove low energy x-rays from the beam
d. All of the above
12. The housing of an x-ray tube is designed to minimize:
a. The risk of electrical shock
b. Heat build-up
c. Leakage radiation
13. X-ray tubes with stationary anodes are generally used for:
a. Very long exposures
b. Higher kVp settings
c. Low energy x-ray imaging
d. High energy x-ray imaging
14. Which statement is true about Compton scattering?
a. X-rays are scattered only in a forward direction
b. X-rays are scattered only at right angles to the original direction
c. X-rays can be scattered in any direction
d. None of the above
15. Which kinds of x-ray interactions ionize atoms in the body?
a. Only photoelectric interaction
b. Only Compton scattering
c. Only Classical scattering
d. Both photoelectric interaction and Compton scattering
16. The x-rays used in radiography do not cause pair production because:
a. Their energy level is too high
b. Their energy level is too low
c. Exposure times are very short
d. Only part of the body is radiated at a time
17. Light behaves like:
a. Waves
b. Particles of energy
c. Both waves and particles of energy
d. Neither waves nor particles of energy
18. Where in the atom do x-rays originate?
a. Protons
b. Neutrons
c. Electron shells
d. None of the above
19. Do radio waves have more, less, or the same energy as light waves?
a. More
b. Less
c. The same
d. Depends on the color of the light
20. Which of the following determines whether a projectile electron strikes another electron or passes by the nucleus?
a. Electrons with a different charge
b. A nucleus with the same charge
c. Chance
d. All of the above
21. Two objects of equal mass but unequal size will have equal:
a. Specific gravity
b. Volume
c. Density
d. Weight
22. Electron volts are a measure of:
a. The energy level of projectile electrons within the x-ray tube
b. The energy level of x-ray photons
c. The energy level of secondary x-rays produced in photoelectric interaction
d. All of the above
23. Which of the following is true?
a. In diagnostic x-ray beams there are fewer high energy characteristic x-rays than low energy bremsstrahlung x-rays
b. Only low energy projectile electrons knock K-shell electrons out of their orbit
c. The projectile electron is more likely to hit the target atom than to miss it
d. None of the above
24. When voltage of the x-ray tube is set in the range of 100-150 kVp, about one-fourth of the x-rays are:
a. Characteristic
b. Bremsstrahlung
c. Lower energy x-rays