Question 1: Which statement about evolution is FALSE?
According to evolutionary theory, you are related to a bacterium, to a yeast cell, to a snake, and to a whale. In fact, you are related to every species now alive on Earth, and to fossil species like dinosaurs as well.
Natural selection acts on genetic differences within a population to cause evolution. Individuals do not evolve.
Natural selection is about slow but steady progress. Through it, populations constantly get better-adapted. When this process is completed for all populations, evolution will come to a stop.
Evolution occurs constantly, without end; there is no endpoint in evolution.
Question 2: Negatively charged particles are found where in an atom?
In the nucleus
In a single layer outside the nucleus
In multiple layers outside the nucleus
Both inside and outside the nucleus
Question 3: Which characteristic of water protects fish when a lake freezes?
cohesion
water is less dense as a solid
water as a solvent
all of the above
Question 4: You have a solution that has a pH of 8 and need it to be pH 5. What do you do?
Add water
Add a base
Add an acid
Add a buffer
Question 5: What characteristic of carbon makes it a good backbone for creating diverse and durable molecules?
Carbon is a large atom.
Carbon forms four covalent bonds.
Carbon forms hydrogen bonds.
All of the above
Question 6: Which of the following structures can be found together in eukaryotic cells?
cytoplasm and ribosomes
cytoplasm and plasma membrane
DNA and ribosomes
ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
Question 7: Which of the following reactions or pathways is catabolic?
Converting glucose to carbon dioxide and water (cellular respiration).
Making starch from many glucose molecules.
Photosynthesis: which builds glucose from carbon dioxide using energy from light.
Making ATP from ADP and Phosphate.
Question 8: In a metabolic pathway, a typical control mechanism is to have: ________
the final product inhibit the enzyme responsible for its own production.
the final product inhibit an early step.
a reactant inhibit a late step.
a lack of reactant stimulate the pathway.
Question 9: Mitosis results in ______ cells and meiosis results in _______ cells.
haploid, diploid
diploid, haploid
diploid, diploid
haploid, haploid
Question 10: In beans yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y) and smooth (S) is dominant to wrinkled (s). What are the possible genotypes for the offspring of the following cross: YySS and YYSs.
YYSS, YYss, yySS, yyss
YS, yS, YS, yS
Yy, SS, YY, Ss
YYSS, YySS, YYSs, YySs
Question 11: Red rose color is incompletely dominant over white rose color. If a red rose is crossed with a pink rose, what percentage of the offspring will be pink?
100
75
50
25
Question 12: One of the products of cellular respiration is ________.
water
sucrose
cellulose
oxygen
Question 13: An ecologist is studying all the animals, plants, fungi and bacteria, as well as the interaction among them, in a forest? He is studying the _________ in the forest.
niche
biome
community
population
Question 14: The temperature optimum for an enzyme is 37C. What will most likely happen if you increase the temperature from 37C to 50C?
The enzyme activity will not be affected
The enzyme activity will increase
The enzyme activity will decrease
The pH will increase
Question 15: When celery is placed in a glass of pure water the solution inside its cells is _____ compared to the water.
selectively permeable
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
Question 16: An ecosystem can be characterized as:
populations + community.
all species, population, and community interactions for organisms in a given area.
the abiotic components of the environment.
all of the biological interactions, plus interactions with the abiotic environment, in a given area.
Question 17: In October of 2003, a raging wildfire swept through the mountain ecosystems in Southern California, burning everything in its path to the ground and driving away all of the animals. In order for the mountain ecosystem to re-establish itself, which member of the food web has to return first?
deer
coyotes
snake
grasses
Question 18: Carbohydrates are not
stored potential energy
made mostly of nitrogen and carbon.
broken down by cellular respiration.
made by producers.
Question 19: A primary consumer would eat:
secondary consumers
plants.
Bacteria.
rabbits.
Question 20: Diffusion is
1. One type of active transport
1. The movement of water across the cell membrane
1. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
1. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Question 21: Any individual organism has the potential to adapt to its environment, if it is given enough time and possesses a mechanism to generate variation.
True
False
Question 22: Humans are more likely to be infected by viruses after the viruses had a chance to multiply outside the body on surfaces touched by infected people.
True
False
Question 23: Once an adaptation appears, it remains in all the descendants unless the species becomes extinct
True
False
Question 24: During a time when resources are abundant, one would not expect much evolutionary change to happen.
True
False
Question 25: When a founder population has a small gene pool, evolutionary change is more likely to be rapid than if the founder population has a large gene pool.
True
False
Question 26: When speciation occurs, the result is a dramatic change in the new species.
True
False
Question 27: When two groups are reproductively isolated, it can be predicted that speciation will soon follow.
True
False
Question 28: Fossil evidence suggests that human ancestors arose one time in Africa.
True
False
Question 29: Levels of ultraviolet light influences vitamin D production is humans.
True
False
Question 30: Mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells are very similar to prokaryotes
True
False
Question 31: Organisms that live in habitats with high levels of competition are more likely to produce defensive chemicals than those that live with little competition.
True
False
Question 32: The human population may continue to increase even though it surpasses carrying capacity.
True
False
Question 33: Scientific studies suggest that the many organs susceptible to cancer as a result of smoking, the kidneys and bladder are exceptions, showing no differences in cancer rates as compared to non-smokers.
True
False
Question 34: A woman's ovum will complete Meiosis II only, if fertilization has occurred.
True
False
Question 35: One human disease is caused by a change in the DNA from GAA to GUA. This change is an example of:
crossing over
a mutation
a meiosis error
a mitosis error
Question 36: The main function of a ribosome is to ____________________.
extract energy from glucose
synthesize glucose
store food in the form of fat
synthesize proteins
Question 37: The effectiveness of a medication containing growth hormone is tested on a group of young male rabbits 3 weeks of age. The best control group would be:
any group of rabbits
a group of young male rabbits 3 weeks of age, not given the medication
a group of young female rabbits 3 weeks of age, not given the medication
no control is required; just measure whether the rabbits grew
Question 38: The number of _______________ in the outer shell of an atom determines the type of chemical bonds an atom can make.
electrons
protons
ions
neutrons
Question 39: You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude, it must be a _______________ cell.
liver
animal
bacterial
plant
Question 40: The gene pool of a population may change due to:
migration
genetic drift
natural selection and mutation
all of the above
Question 41: You have read that inorganic fertilizers contribute to water pollution and would like to make a switch from inorganic fertilizers to organic compost in your vegetable garden. A friend graciously gives you a truck load of his compost. As a good researcher and critical thinker you are not convinced that organic compost will yield the same results as the inorganic fertilizer you have used for years with good results. To draw your own conclusion based on scientific evidence you decide to conduct an experiment in your garden. State a good hypothesis, design an experiment (include test subjects, sample size, control(s), dependent and independent variables, type of data collected) and hypothetical results/conclusion. Does your conclusion support the hypothesis?
Question 42: The habitat of one species of tropical fish is red coral reefs. The large majority of the fish in this population are red. A few individual fish carry a mutation that prevents the production of the red pigment; as a result these individual fish are white. The temperature of the ocean where these fish live gets warmer and warmer over a 10 year period, and as a result the coral is bleached and turns white. Use what you have learned about natural selection to explain how this bleaching event may have affected the evolution this fish population (not including possible direct effects of warmer temperatures on the fish). Include the following terms in your explanation: differential reproduction, beneficial trait, allele frequency, selection pressure, evolution.
Question 43: Describe the major land biome where you live. How have human activities changed the landscape and how has this affected native species? Include specific examples.
Question 44: You scoop up a water sample from a local pond nearby, because you are curious about the possible microbes that might live there. After looking at several slides that held drops of the sample, you noticed two different kinds of cells: One kind was very small and had no separate internal structures; the other kind was much larger, and it contained several kinds of internal structures that were physically different from each other. Please name each cell and briefly describe their overall similarities and differences.