1. When analyzing variation within the process, the most common mistake commited by upper managers is:
a. Not being familiar with modern statistical techniques
b. Focusing on internal variation and not external customer driven data
c. Treating common cause variation as special cause variation
d. Requesting too little data because of time constraints
2. Kaizen improvements generally:
a. Mean rapid unending improvement
b. Involve only managers
c. Seek out large, significant, short-term improvements
d. Require little expense.