As a consequence of Moore's law, the gate lengths in digital integratedcircuits will eventually be scaled to the fundamental limitationsimposed by silicon MOSFETs. Atoms in a silicon crystal areseparated by 0.236 nm and MOSFET gate lengths certainly cannotbe scaled to this level. When, according to the extrapolation ofMoore's law, would gate lengths reach 1 nm? (Assume that gatelengths scale by 0.7 every 18 months.)