Doug Bernard specializes in cross-rate arbitrage. He notices the following quotes:
1. Credit Lyonnais: Yen / US dollar = JPY 111.0000 / USD
2. Barclays: US dollar / euro = USD 1.2200/ EUR
3. Credit Agricole: Yen / EUR = JPY 137.0000 / EUR
Ignoring transaction costs, show how much Doug Bernard can make a triangular arbitrage profit by trading at these prices. Assume that he has $1 million available to conduct the arbitrage and calculate the arbitrage profit in both $ and percentage terms, showing clearly the steps of the arbitrage.
What yen/euro price will eliminate the triangular arbitrage opportunity?