Problem
Read the following case carefully and answer the question: What would be the necessary causes and the sufficient causes?
Case I: An outbreak of cholera has been detected in a refugee camp in southern Brazil. 1,500 families live in overcrowded conditions in the camp and receive people. The resources they have are quite scarce, making it difficult to carry out control of the (unsafe) water supply, the safety of the food and the hygiene of the people and the camp in general. Furthermore, latrines are not necessary for all inhabitants.
Note: Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
Read the following case carefully and answer the question: With this type of information, what epidemiological study design can be carried out? (Ecological, cross-sectional, cohort, case-control studies).
Case II: To study the possible association between alcohol consumption and the occurrence of traffic accidents, information was collected on the annual sales of beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages by province, according to data from the chamber of commerce, and the indicator was constructed. Annual expenditure on alcoholic beverages per inhabitant for each province. Simultaneously, data from mortality statistics were used and the mortality rate due to traffic accidents was also calculated for each province.