1. What were some of the major changes in scientific outlook that occurred between 1850 and 1914? What advances took place in physics? What was the theory of natural selection proposed by Darwin and Wallace? Why did Christianity come under attack in the late nineteenth century? What form did the attack take?
2. What forms did racism take in the late nineteenth century? How did it become associated with anti-Semitism? What was Zionism? Why did Herzl develop it?