Question 1 What is a specific, but limited, time usually early in an organism's life, during which the organism is particularly susceptible to environmental influences relating to some particular facet of development?
A. Latent period
B. Sensitive period
C. Critical period
D. Plasticity period
Question 2 Which of the following is NOT an explanation as to why a newborn's body lacks easy mobility?
A. The baby's head is disproportionately larger than its body.
B. Babies cannot get enough nourishment to increase their strength.
C. The baby's limbs are relatively short in relation to the rest of the body.
D. Babies' bodies are mostly fat, not muscle, so they lack the strength to pick their head up.
Question 3 What was the argument presented for advocates of bottle-feeding?
A. Bottle-feeding had more nutrients.
B. Parents could keep track of the amount of milk the baby was receiving.
C. Bottle-feeding offered significant emotional advantages.
D. Bottle-fed babies were more responsive to their mothers.
Question 4 At what age does the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians suggest that babies can start eating solid food?
A. 6 months
B. 8 months
C. 10 months
D. 12 months
Question 5 Which principle states that development proceeds from the center of the body outward?
A. Cephalocaudal
B. Independence of systems
C. Proximodistal
D. Hierarchical integration
Question 6 What is the term for the reflex that scientists feel represents a leftover response that humans inherited from their nonhuman ancestors?
A. Babinski
B. Rooting
C. Swimming
D. Moro
Question 7 Due to malnutrition, a child's stomach, limbs, and face may swell with water so that the child actually appears chubby, but in fact the child is suffering from:
A. nonorganic failure to thrive.
B. rickets.
C. marasmus.
D. kwashiorkor.
Question 8 Babies are typically able to crawl between __________ months of age.
A. 6 and 10
B. 5 and 8
C. 10 and 12
D. 8 and 10
Question 9 Breast feeding an infant for the first 12 months of life is the preferred method by child-care experts for all of the reasons below EXCEPT breast milk:
A. contains all the nutrients necessary for growth.
B. offers some immunity to childhood diseases.
C. is cheaper than store-bought formula.
D. is more easily digested than cow's milk or formula.
Question 10 What is the term for the degree of awareness an infant displays to both internal and external stimulation?
A. Rhythm
B. Attention
C. Sensitive period
D. State
Question 11 If you examine the different growth patterns of a child's body size, nervous system, and sexual characteristics, you would apply which principle?
A. Principle of the independence of systems
B. Cephalocaudal principle
C. Principle of hierarchical integration
D. Proximodistal principle
Question 12 SIDS strikes about __________ infants in the U.S. each year.
A. 2500
B. 10,000
C. 100,000
D. 1,000,000
Question 13 Synaptic pruning means unused:
A. myelin is being removed in the brain.
B. dendrites are being removed in the brain.
C. axons are being removed in the brain.
D. synapses are being removed in the brain.
Question 14 What is the term for the ability to detect sound and pinpoint the direction from which it is emanating?
A. Discrimination
B. Sound distinction
C. Sound travel
D. Sound localization
Question 15 By the age of __________ months, babies can move themselves in different directions.
A. 4
B. 6
C. 9
D. 12
Question 16 At approximately what age is a baby able to prominently open its hand and grasp a rattle?
A. at birth
B. 3 months
C. 6 months
D. 10 months
Question 17 The developmental researcher(s) who conducted the classic study regarding the "visual cliff" was/were:
A. Pavlov.
B. Skinner.
C. Bandura.
D. Gibson & Walk.
Question 18 The "visual cliff" study indicates that most infants in the age range of __________ months cannot be coaxed to cross the "cliff."
A. 6 to 14
B. 5 to 12
C. 12 to 14
D. 8 to 14
Question 19 What is the fatty substance that helps insulate neurons and speeds the transmission of nerve impulses?
A. Dendrites
B. Axons
C. Myelin
D. Synapse
Question 20 What principle means that we would likely develop visual abilities (located in the head) well before we master the ability to walk (closer to the end of the body)?
A. Independence of systems
B. Hierarchical integration
C. Cephalocaudal
D. Proximodistal