What is the purpose of ping utility also describe its

Question

Part I Linux Utilities: (Answer should not exceed 3 lines) 

• What is the purpose of ping utility? Also describe its functionality with two different options?
• Try pinging two different sites and give summary of results in each case?
• What is difference between the ping and traceroute?
• What is the purpose of ifup and ifdown?
• What is the purpose of tcpdump? Store its results in .txt file and send file in mail?

Part II Network Architecture: 

Q No 1: Assuming a framing protocol that uses bit stuffing, show the bit sequence transmitted
over the link when the frame contains the following bit sequence:
110101111101011111101011111110
Mark the stuffed bits.

Q No 2: Show the 4B/5B encoding, and the resulting NRZI signal, for the following
 bit sequence:

1110 0101 0000 0011

Part III Research Papers:

What is the difference between Asynchronous ConnectionLess links (ACL), and Synchronous Connection-Oriented links (SCO). Make a detailed table for the differences.
BLUETOOTH AND WI-FI WIRELESS PROTOCOLS: A SURVEY AND A COMPARISON

Answer the following questions. 
Q No 3: What is the difference between Asynchronous ConnectionLess links (ACL), and Synchronous Connection-Oriented links (SCO). Make a detailed table for the differences.

Q No 4:Write down the basic differences among IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n. Make a detailed table for the differences.

Q No 5:  Write down the differences between Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and a Point Coordination Function (PCF)? Make a detailed table for the differences. 8 Marks

Answer 1

In regards of the principles and theories of computer networking, respond to the following questions comprehensively in paragraph format. Q1. Linux Utilities: a) Determine the main purpose of ping utility? As well illustrate its functionality by means of two different options? b) Try pinging two dissimilar sites and provide summary of results in each and every case? c) Illustrate the difference between the ping and traceroute? d) Determine the main purpose of ifup and ifdown? Q2. Illustrate the difference between the Asynchronous ConnectionLess links (ACL) and Synchronous Connection-Oriented links (SCO). Prepare a detailed table for the differences. Q3. Write down the fundamental differences among IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n. Prepare a detailed table for the differences. Q4. Write down the differences between the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and a Point Coordination Function (PCF)? Prepare a detailed table for the differences.