A boat crosses a river of width 228 m in which the current has a uniform speed of 1.97 m/s. The pilot maintains a bearing (i.e., the direction in which the boat points) perpendicular to the river and a throttle setting to give a constant speed of 1.77 m/s relative to the water.
What is the magnitude of the speed of the boat relative to a stationary shore observer? Answer in units of m/s.