Taxpayer B has the following gains and losses from property transactions.
Long-term capital gain $5,000
Long-term capital loss 8,000
Section 1231 gain 11,000
Section 1231 loss 9,000
Short-term capital gain 2,000
Short-term capital loss 4,000
What is the effect on the taxpayer's taxable income if Taxpayer B is
a. a C corporation?
b. an individual?