Question 1: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy:
a) clear division of labor
b) explicit rules
c) personality-based promotion
d) impersonality
Question 2: What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?
a) A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and more impersonal.
b) A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships.
c) A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships.
d) A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.
Question 3: What is the first agent of socialization in a person's life?
a) the law
b) friends
c) family
d) school
Question 4: Sometimes a bureaucracy no longer can fulfill the goals that were initially intended. This is referred to as
a) goal alienation
b) goal attainment
c) goal displacement
d) goal shifting
Question 5: An instrumental leader:
a) Refers to the main focus or goal of the leader.
b) Rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.
C) Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.
d) Promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported.
Question 6: When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's ____________.
a) Out-group
b) Secondary group
c) Reference group
d) Aggregate
Question 7: George Herbert Mead referred to the common behavioral expectations of society as the
a) looking-glass self
b) generalized other
c) definition of the situation
d) moral ambiguity
Question 8: The term deviance can be defined as:
a) The regulation and enforcement of norms.
b) A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.
c) Social reward for the violation of norms.
d) The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.
Question 9: Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed that deviance within society is:
a) Dangerous; it encourages disruptive behavior.
b) Instrumental; it encourages the population to rebel.
c) Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored
d) Essential; it challenges people's views and upholds social norms in ways that help stabilize society.
Question 10: Which of the following is a key feature of Strain Theory?
a) It asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy lifestyle.
b) It argues that morality is based on wealth.
c) It addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having no socially acceptable means to reach those goals.
d) It states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.
Question 11: In first grade, John is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, John gains a reputation as a "problem" child. John eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits John's experience?
a) Differential association
b) Labeling theory
c) Strain theory
d) Control theory
Question 12: Which theorist studied the power elite and the influence they had over society?
a) C. Wright Mills
b) Karl Marx
c) Emile Durkheim
d) Carl Sagan