1. What is the commonly stated goal for most development projects?
A. Greater socioeconomic stratification
B. Ethnocide
C. Cultural assimilation
D. Decreased local autonomy
E. Increased equity
2. Development projects should aim to accomplish all of the following except
A. promoting change, but not overinnovation.
B. preserving local systems while working to make them better.
C. respecting local traditions.
D. drawing models of development from indigenous practices.
E. developing strategies with little input from the local communities.
3. Which of the following best illustrates urban applied anthropologists’ ability to help social groups deal with urban institutions?
A. “culture at a distance” studies among Japanese and Germans in an attempt to predict the behavior of the enemies of the United States
B. Kottak’s comparative study of development projects from around the world
C. Vigil’s study of gang violence in the context of large-scale immigrant adaptation to U.S. cities
D. anthropological analysis of the relation between Malagasy descent groups and the state
E. analysis of differences between personalistic and naturalistic disease theories among the United States’s rural poor
4. Which of the following is true about medical anthropology?
A. It is the field that has proved that people from rural areas suffer only from illnesses and not diseases.
B. It applies non-Western health knowledge to a troubled industrialized medical system.
C. Typically in cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, this field does market research on the use of health products around the world.
D. This field applies Western medicine to solve health problems around the world.
E. This growing field considers the biocultural context and implications of disease and illness.
5. The American Anthropological Association’s Code of Ethics
A. applies differently to the different types of anthropology.
B. is applicable only to research being conducted in the United States.
C. is the result of a UN resolution designed to ensure that human rights are respected in the field of U.S. anthropology.
D. is too broad for most anthropologists to find it useful.
E. is designed to ensure that all anthropologists are aware of their obligations to the field of anthropology, the host communities that allow them to conduct their research, and society in general.
6. Which of the following is not one of the fields of study mentioned in the textbook as part of the multidisciplinary approaches used in physical anthropology and archaeology?
A. Remote sensing
B. Metaphysics
C. Genetics
D. Paleontology
E. Palynology
7. Advances in technology enable archaeologists to gather evidence that is not visible to the naked eye. One example of such microscopic evidence is the study of
A. phytoliths, microscopic organic remains of common early plant domesticates.
B. starch grains that solidify into crystals and therefore do not decay.
C. microanthropometric remains.
D. microstratigraphic layers.
E. phytoliths, microscopic crystals found in many plants that are inorganic and do not decay, which means that they can reveal which plants were present at a given site even when no other plant remains survive.
8. Systematic survey and excavation
A. are techniques of the past that have been replaced by remote sensing and digital photography.
B. are the two major components of fieldwork in molecular anthropology.
C. are the two major components of fieldwork in archaeology and paleoanthropology.
D. are techniques that have been discouraged because they lead to negative environmental impacts.
E. yield better results when the study team is small.
9. The principle of superposition states that in an undisturbed sequence of strata,
A. the oldest layer is on the top.
B. the oldest layer is on the bottom.
C. the stratigraphic techniques are useful only if the soils have a high content of sandstone.
D. the youngest layer is the least disturbed by environmental changes such as erosion.
E. the oldest layer is the shallowest in the sequence.
10. Why do archaeologists use flotation?
A. to identify regional settlement patterns
B. to recover very small remains like fish bones and seeds
C. to control for the location of artifacts in three-dimensional space
D. to establish relative chronologies
E. to study the processes of stratigraphy