Review the book: Sociology- Sociological Imagination
Then,
Part. 1
Response to the following True or False:
1. Sociologically, an act cannot be classified as deviance if it does not cause physical or emotional harm to another individual.
2. Functionalists believe deviance has no useful purpose in society and only contributes to social chaos.
3. Based on the research of Martín Sánchez-Jankowski, the reasons urban youth join gangs include recreation, leisure, and to protect the community.
Multiple Choice questions :
1. Violations of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called ________.
A) ethics
B) values
C) folkways
D) crimes
2. The concept of the relativity of deviance is BEST illustrated by which of the following statements?
A) It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant.
B) The nature of one's behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance.
C) Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction for society.
D) Deviance is analogous to mental illness.
3. A group's usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives, is called ________.
A) social control
B) sanction
C) social order
D) social guideline
4. What is a group's formal and informal means of enforcing norms called?
A) social solidarity
B) the social imperative
C) social control
D) social bond
5. In an effort to resist the label of "deviant," most people will develop rationales to justify their deviant acts. Sykes and Matza refer to these rationales as ________.
A) ideologies
B) techniques of neutralization
C) strategies of justification
D) labeling
6 .Which type of sociologists would consider deviance to be a natural part of society?
A) functionalists
B) symbolic interactionists
C) conflict theorists
D) neo-conflict theorists
7. Because of ________, deviance is often seen as mental sickness rather than problematic behavior.
A) capital punishment
B) reactions to deviance
C) the symbolic interactionist approach
D) the medicalization of deviance
8. The theory of behavior in which people who associate with some groups learn an "excess of definitions" of deviance, increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant is ________.
A) conflict theory
B) social control theory
C) strain theory
D) differential association theory
Short Answer Questions:
1. In control theory, what is the difference between inner and outer controls?
2. What are the five techniques of neutralization identified by Gresham Sykes and David Matza? Provide an example of each.
3. According to Durkheim, list three main functions that deviance provides for society. Provide an example or illustration of each.
Part. 2
Response to the following True or False:
1. In a caste system, social stratification is based on ascribed status.
2. In a class system, there is little opportunity for movement between classes.
3. The term "socialism" describes an intermediate step between capitalism and communism in which social classes are abolished but some individual inequality remains.
Multiple Choice questions :
1. A system in which groups of people are divided into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige is referred to as ________.
A) social stratification
B) social networking
C) the diversification of society
D) multiculturalism
2. What is the basis of India's caste system?
A) race
B) religion
C) ethnicity
D) education
3. Social mobility refers to ________.
A) rigid stratification
B) discriminatory practices
C) changing class
D) moving to another location
4. In every society in the world, __________ is a basis for social stratification.
A) race
B) gender
C) age
D) education
5. The spread of an economic system based on investing to make profits, which is becoming the world's dominant economic system, is referred to as ________.
A) the globalization of capitalism
B) the capitalization of the world economy
C) the economic colonization
D) the periphery of nations
6. Some nations have traditionally been in poverty from one generation to the next, relying on tradition rather than experimenting with new technology that might improve their standard of living. This explanation for global stratification is called ________.
A) culture of poverty
B) world system theory
C) dependency theory
D) theory of undeveloped nations
Short Answer Questions:
1. Define social stratification AND discuss the three systems of social stratification.
2. What are the three models of global stratification discussed by the author of our text?
Part. 3
Multiple Choice questions:
1. What are the three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?
A) ethnicity, race, sex
B) property, power, prestige
C) sex, power, education
D) occupation, neighborhood, wealth
2. What is Durkheim's term for a condition in which people become detached from the norms that guide their behavior?
A) compurgation
B) primogeniture
C) negative affective state
D) anomie
3. Changes in society that cause large numbers of people to move up or down the class ladder, which causes one class to increase while others decrease, is called ________ mobility.
A) exchange
B) automatic
C) structural
D) intragenerational
4. If 100 working-class people move upward on the class ladder and, at the same time, 100 middle-class people move downward, sociologists would consider this an example of ________ mobility.
A) structural
B) intergenerational
C) upward
D) exchange
5. The trend in the United States in which MOST poor families are headed by women is called ________.
A) the male supremacy
B) the economic genderization
C) the feminization of poverty
D) the culture of poverty
6. ________ are the MOST likely segment of the population in the United States to experience poverty today.
A) Children
B) The elderly
C) Middle-aged adults
D) Young, single males
Short Answer Questions:
1. Define social class.
2. Discuss the three reasons social class has such an impact on someone's health.
3. List the ways in which social class affects people's experiences in life.
Part. 4
Response to the following True or False:
1. Gender stratification refers to the unequal access to power, property, and prestige of males and females based on their sex.
2. Sociologically, "gender" and "sex" are interchangeable terms that have virtually the same meaning.
3. Sociologically, females are appropriately classified as a minority group.
4. The number of members in an age cohort determines the size of a "baby boom" or a "baby bust."
5. Continuity theory and disengagement theory are aligned with the functionalist perspective.
Multiple Choice questions :
1. While the notion of gender refers to sociological characteristics, the concept of sex refers to ________ characteristics.
A) psychological
B) biological
C) philosophical
D) anthropological
2. The fact that nearly 80 percent of engineering degrees are awarded to men while 90 percent of library science degrees are awarded to women illustrates the phenomenon of ________.
A) feminization of the workplace
B) gender tracking
C) affirmative action
D) political correctness
3. When many students graduate from college, they are able to earn an extra $1,465 a month between the ages of 25 and 65. These students manage to earn this bonus by ________.
A) majoring in business
B) being born male
C) joining an influential fraternity/sorority
D) majoring in medicine
4. What term refers to the maximum length of life that is possible for a species?
A) life expectancy
B) life span
C) life cycle
D) life course
5. Prejudice, discrimination, and hostility directed against people because of their age is called ________.
A) reverse discrimination
B) disengagement
C) ageism
D) age cohort
6. Who proposed the Social Security plan that was finally adopted by Congress in 1934?
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Francis Townsend
C) Robert Butler
D) Lyndon Johnson
Short Answer Questions:
1. What is feminism?
2. What is gender stratification? Generally speaking, what are the consequences of gender stratification?
3. Define the term "graying of America," and describe the consequences of this social transformation.
Part. 5
Response to the following True or False:
1. The term family is difficult to define because of the many varieties of family displayed in the world's cultures.
2. A society that prohibits interracial marriage by law is enforcing endogamy.
3. Functionalists note the incest taboo serves to avoid role confusion in families.
4. Although women are having children at a later time in life, more married women give birth today than did twenty years ago.
Short Answer Questions:
1. Discuss how marriage and family are viewed from the three sociological perspectives.
Matching Questions
1. Match the term with the definition.
1) household
2) family
3) family of orientation
4)family of procreation
5)polyandry
6) patrilineal system
7) endogamy
8) exogamy
9) system of descent
10) egalitarian society
11) gendered division of labor
12) "adultolescent"
13) blended family
14) cohabitation
15) incest
A) the family in which an individual grows up
B) a social structure in which descent is traced only on the father's side
C) how kinship is traced over generations
D) the practice of marrying outside one's group
E) people who occupy the same housing unit
F) a form of marriage in which a woman has more than one husband
G) authority equally divided between people or groups, such as between husband and wife
H) sexual relations between relatives
I) the arrangement where men and women have separate and specific responsibilities in a marriage
J) the practice of marrying within one's own group
K) a family whose members were once part of other families
L) two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption
M) unmarried couples living in a sexual relationship
N) another name for boomerang children who return to the empty nest after first living on their own
O) the family formed when a couple's first child is born