Question 1: What is primary and secondary deviance as defined by labeling theorist Edwin Lemert?
Question 2: In Robert Merton's strain theory, what is "retreatism" as one possible response to strain?
Question 3: What is the main difference between instrumental Marxism and structural Marxism with respect to the relationship between the state and the capitalist elite?
Question 4: From a critical criminology perspective, what is the underlying cause of street level crimes like gang violence?
Question 5: From a critical race theory perspective, what is the main historical cause of aboriginal over-representation in the justice system?
Question 6: From a critical criminology perspective, why might a government encourage a moral panic about youth violence?