Problem:
A 77-year-old man presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain with a medical history of heavy alcohol abuse and hypertension. Upon physical exam he appeared drowsy and confused, and his distal extremities were cool and cyanotic. His SBP was 75/50 mm Hg, HR 125 beats per minute, and lactic acid 6.0. His abdomen was tense and distended. A CT scan of the abdomen showed extraluminal gas and suspected extraluminal feces consistent with a perforated sigmoid colon. He was treated with IV antibiotics, and crystalloids (Normal Saline or Lactated Ringers) were started. What is the initial fluid challenge for a patient with sepsis? Group of answer choices 10 mL/kg 20 mL/kg 30 mL/kg 40 mL/kg