Question 1: Explain why Kant did not end up with Hume’s skepticism as far as the notion of causality goes. For this question you are required to explain what Hume’s skeptical solution to the ‘problem of causality’ is and then explain in detail how Kant avoids this skeptical solution (in other words, you will have to talk about what role causality plays in Kant’s system and how Kant understands a priori knowledge).
Question 2: You have the opportunity to go back in time to stop a murder. However, in order to do so, you have no choice but to kill the murderer yourself. Putting aside any other problems with time travel for the moment, and just assessing the particular ethical dimension of killing in order to stop a murder, contrast a Kantian and a Nietzschean take on the matter, and argue for one as your actual position.
Question 3: Nietzsche, in Beyond Good and Evil, makes a distinction between what he claims are the two ‘types’ of morality. Saying that there are ‘certain traits regularly recurring together’, he proceeds to describe them, and classifies previous systems of morality into those categories. What are the two types? Describe them. Finally, using examples from previous theorists in the course, make an argument either for or against Nietzsche’s distinction.
Question 4: Reconstruct (not copy and paste!) Sartre’s argument stating that existence comes before essence and explain how this is related to his thesis that God does not exist and we, human beings, are abandoned. (Since the topics of abandonment and freedom are very big topics in existentialism and in Sartre’s philosophy, focus on how the first principle of existentialism ties with the non-existence of God and the abandonment.)