Be able to answer these questions:
What distinguishes a state from a chiefdom and a chiefdom from a tribe? How do we know Chaco Canyon was a chiefdom?
Why did the Chaco culture disappear?
What characteristics could be used to define an early "civilization", according to GordonChilde?
What are Wittfogel's, Rathje's and Carneiro's theories of state formation?
How do city-states differ from territorial states? Give one or two examples of each (e.g. Egypt = territorial state)
What resources were available within Mesopotamia? What characterized the Ubaid period?
When and for what purposes were bronze, the wheel, and the plow first used in Mesopotamia?
What was the main function of the earliest writing in the civilizations that we have discussed?
When did writing develop in Mesopotamia? What do we know about the Indus Valley writing?
What was the role of the temple in Mesopotamia around 3000 BC? What happened to Mesopotamian agriculture over time?
What changes occurred in Mesopotamia during the Early Dynastic and what evidence is there for these changes?
What characterizes the Indus Valley civilization?