Problem: What did Hartley et al (2013) mean by 'meta-competency' in relation to the five dimensions of political leadership? The dimensions are so closely interrelated that competencies across all of them (meta-competency) are required Competency is abstract term and rather than assessing individual's abilities in relation to the five dimensions we should rise above this and consider their meta competency, referring to a higher level of competency which transcends the five dimensions. Meta-competency is akin to pseudo-competency, essentially the impression of competence is what is important, not the actual ability of the individual. Meta-competency refers to the idea that an individual's competency in relation to the five dimensions is outside of their control, they require the support of a network of specialists to achieve the required level of competency and it is therefore a competency across a group of individuals.