Question: Although public health has been around for a long time, the induction of informatics in it is a relatively recent development. Research two public health informatics tools that were used to monitor, prevent, and mitigate public health events. What was their role during the COVID-19 pandemic? Why? What were the challenges faced by policymakers and public health officials regarding the use of health informatics during the COVID-19 pandemic? How were these challenges overcome? Provide in-text citations and references.