(EQ18)-(ST)
What is the synonym to Consequentialism?
Explain why it is so by referring to its etymological root.
(EQ19)-(ST)
Who are the main thinkers of Utilitarianism?
Who is responsible for its famous motto,
"The greatest happiness for the greatest number"?
(EQ20)-(ST)
Explain the following two main tenets of Utilitarianism (at least in its classical version of Bentham):
1. the Consequentialist Principle
2. the Utility Principle
(EQ21)-(ST)
According to Bentham, what are the two sovereign masters in human nature? And how does his "hedonic calculus" work?
(EQ22)-(FC) (*)
How did J.S. Mill attempt to improve Utilitarianism by overcoming shortcomings found in Bentham's early (hedonic) Utilitarianism with his (eudainomistic) version of Utilitarinism (even by calling Bentham's "pig" philosophy)?
(EQ23)-(ST)
How does the Rule-Utilitarianism attempt to improve the original Act-Utilitarianism?
(If you could conceive of a continuum of Utilitarianism vs. Kantianism, it is not surprising to see that one is bound to move to the other end on the spectrum when one attempts to overcome shortcomings from one end.)
(EQ24)-(SQ)
What are the criticisms against Utilitarianism?
What do you think is the most poignant criticism?
(EQ25)-(ST)
What is the book by Kant, which has been singled out and touted as the most influential work for deontological ethics?
(EQ26)-(ST)
What are the seven prima facie duties prescribed by deontologist (objectivist rule-deontologist, such as W. D. Ross)?
(EQ27)-(ST)
What are the main differences between two schools of thought, rationalism and empiricism, in general? And who represent them respectively.
Which side acknowledges the presence of innate ideas?
In contrast, which side emphasizes our minds as a "tabula rasa"?
(EQ28)-(ST)
Of the two dominant ethical theories, i.e., (Kantian) deontology on the one hand, and (Utilitarian) consequentialism (teleology), which subscribes the following two mutually exclusive statements about morality respectively?
1.A: "morality is founded on our feeling of sympathy with other people's sufferings, on fellow feeling."
1.B: "morality is not 'contingent' but 'necessary'; it is not our desires that ground morality, but our rational will."
The same question applies to these two statements as well:
2.A: "morality is an extrinsic good"
2.B: "morality is an intrinsic good"
(EQ29)-(FC) (*)
Explain how the ethical division between deontology and teleology can be traced (or attributed) to the epistemological (& metaphysical) division between rationalism and empiricism.
What term (which we have studied in ) can be applied to this questions as to the internal relationship amongst the three branches of philosophy?
(Be sure to answer "elaborately"; just a few phrases or sentences will not be sufficient; answer as if you're teaching others who have not heard any of these ideas.)
(EQ30)-(FC) (*)
What is the difference between categorical imperative and hypothetical imperative?
Which of the two dominant ethical theories, i.e., (Kantian) deontology on the one hand, and (Utilitarian) consequentialism (teleology), subscribes the following two mutually exclusive statements about morality, respectively?
3.A: "morality is a hypothetical imperative"
3.B: "morality is a categorical imperative"
(EQ31)-(ST)
Explain the following three principles in Kantianism:
1. Principle of Universalizability
2. Principle of Ends
3. Principle of Autonomy
(EQ32)-(SQ)
What do you think is the most poignant criticism of Kantianism?
(EQ33)-(SQ)
How would you "assess" Utilitarian Teleology (or Consequentialism) in general as an ethical school of thought, in comparison to Kantian Deontology as an ethical theory, or vice versa?