Problem: Primary prevention strategies aim to address the social, economic, and environmental conditions that contribute to violence. These strategies include improving education, economic opportunities, and community cohesion. For example, the World Health Organization's (WHO) violence prevention framework emphasizes enhancing child and youth development through programs like early childhood education, parenting support, and community development initiatives (WHO, 2021). Programs that provide stable housing, job training, and access to quality healthcare also fall under primary prevention, as they tackle the systemic issues that can lead to criminal behavior