What are the characteristics of an invasive speices

Question

Assignment:

QUESTION 1. Homologues structures are structures in different organisms that are similar because:

• They share the same environments.
• They evolved from the same ancestors.
• They are not similar at all, only superficially appear so.
• None of the given asnwers are correct.

QUESTION 2. Barriers to reproduction between closely related species before the sperm and egg have fused are referred to as:

• prezygotic barriers
• pseudogenomic barriers
• postzygotic barriers
• hypertrophic recombinations

QUESTION 3. Beaver tend to create conditions that increase biodiversity at the landscape level.

• True
• False

QUESTION 4. During succession of old field to forests in new England what would best describe the sequence of tree types?

• Shade tolerant, shade intolerant
• Shade intolerant, shade tolerant
• Shade intolerant, drought resistant
• Drought resistant, shade intolerant

QUESTION 5. Extinction of species is a normal biological process. Why are scientists so concerned about the current "sixth" mass extinction?

(a) The types of organisms being affected by it.
(b) The extinction rate exceeds historical extinction rates.
(c) It affects only species that are rare anyway.
(d) None of the above.

• The types of organisms being affected by it.
• The extinction rate exceeds historical extinction rates.
• It affects only species that are rare anyway.
• None of the given answers are correct.

QUESTION 6. What are the types of processes that can lead to the generation of new species in geographically isolated populations?

a. polyploidy

b. the shifting of the course of a river.

c. host races in insects.

d. both a and b

e. both a and c

QUESTION 7. Which agent of disturbance is the most important in New England forests?

• Wind.
• Fire.
• Water.
• Ice.

QUESTION 8. A biological species must have which of the following characteristics?

a. A population whose members can freely interbreed.

b. Members in population are from an open gene pool.

c. Members are from a closed gene pool.

d. a and b correct

QUESTION 9. Endemic species are found:

(a) within a limited local area.
(b) widely distributed across the planet.
(c) only in rainforests.
(d) wherever humans have disturbed habitats.

• within a limited local area.
• widely distributed across the planet.
• only in rainforests.
• where humans have disturbed habitats.

QUESTION 10. What are the characteristics of an invasive speices. Provide an example.

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QUESTION 11. What are fossil genes?

• Genes with very long sequences of nucleotides.
• Genes that code for proteins that are fundamental to the processes found in all forms of life.
• Genes that code for very long-lived organisms.
• Genes that are present in our DNA because we inherited them from an ancestor, but they no longer function.

QUESTION 12. Understanding food webs is important in conservation efforts because their structure tells us:

• Which species are vulnerable to loss of other species?
• who eats who.
• How environmental contaminates might move from one species to the next.
• All of the given answers are correct.

QUESTION 13. If members of a population have traits that are both inheritable and variable among individuals, then:

• advantageous traits may become more widespread in subsequent generations.
• no evolutionary change is likely to occur over time.
• only neutral evolutionary change can occur over time.
• the environment will have no influence on adaptive traits.

QUESTION 14. The process of genetic drift is most important in what type of populations?

• A population that is expanding.
• A population that is declining.
• A population that is steady.
• A population that is fluctuating around an average.

QUESTION 15. Provide a defination of biological evolution.

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QUESTION 16. Succession is the process of:

• Assembling plant communities after a disturbance or generation of new habitat.
• Generating new species from younger ones.
• Creating soil.
• The breakdown of plant materials by decomposers.

QUESTION 17. The process that led to the evolution of both the Darwin's Finches on the Galapagos and the honeyeaters on the Hawaiian Islands is referred to as:

• convergent evolution
• homologous evolution
• sympatric speciation
• an adaptive radiation

QUESTION 18. Which of the following is the correct sequence of an extinction vortex?

• Small population, increase in death and decrease in reproduction rates, loss of genetic variability, inbreeding.
• Small population, loss of genetic variability, inbreeding, increase in death and decrease in reproduction rates.
• Small population, inbreeding, loss of genetic variability, increase in death and decrease in reproduction rates.
• None of the given asnwers are correct.

QUESTION 19. How is the theory of island biogeography related to habitat loss?

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QUESTION 20. The removal of dead standing and dead downed trees in a forest increases biodiversity.

• True
• False

QUESTION 21. Which of the following could act as a barrier to reproduction between individuals from two populations that may lead to the emergence of a new species?

a. The appearance of a land-bridge that unites the two populations.

b. The evolution of different mating rituals in each population.

c. The formation of a mountain range between the populations.

d. Both b and c are correct.

e. Both a and c are correct.

QUESTION 22. Describe the process of the naturla selection.

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QUESTION 23. When two closely related species mate and have offspring we refer to these as:

• hybrids
• a mistake
• a postzygotic barrier
• a new species

QUESTION 24. What is different about the nature of human caused disturbances to an ecosystem that makes it harder for ecological systems to recover then from natural disturbances?

• The types of animals disturbed.
• The frequency, scale and intensity of the disturbance.
• The places the disturbances occur.
• None of these answers are correct.

QUESTION 25. In addition to natural selection, genetic drift can change the frequency of genes in a gene pool and therefore is a factor in evolution.

• True
• False

QUESTION 26. Based on the history of their population in Massachusetts the following list of species can be categorized as ____________ species. (sea mink, passenger pigeon, Labrador duck). (Note this is not the same question as on the practice exam)

a. extinct
b. extirpated
c. recovered
d. range expanding
e. none of the above.

• extirpated
• recovered
• extinct
• range expanding

QUESTION 27. What type of events can lead to an adaptive radiation for a species?

• An extinction of a major group of organisms, like the dinosaurs.
• The colonization by one species of a chain of islands.
• Both answers given are correct.
• Neither answer given is correct.

QUESTION 28. The most biological effective way to control invasive species is to:

• Block their entry by black listing species for importation.
• Block their entry by white listing species for importation.
• Poisoning them.
• Introducing predators from their native habitat to control them.

QUESTION 29. Immortal genes are a special case of _______ genes that are shared by all forms of life.

• extinct
• analogous
• homologous
• fossil

QUESTION 30. Under which conditions do we expect the highest number of species on an oceanic island?

• small island, near the mainland
• small island, distant form the mainland
• large island, near the mainland
• large island, distant from the mainland