a) If you start with 0.4 M buffer in the acid form (pKa 7.2) and then add KOH to 0.2 M, what will be the pH?
b) If you add 0.03 M more KOH to the solution in part a, what will be the pH? ΔpH
c) If you add 0.03 M HCl to the solution in part a, what will be the pH? ΔpH
d) If you start over with 0.4 M buffer in the acid form (pKa 7.2) and then add KOH to 0.35 M, what will be the pH?
e) If you add 0.03 M more KOH to the solution in part d, what will be the pH? ΔpH from 'd'?
f) If you add 0.03 M HCl to the solution in part d, what will be the pH? ΔpH from 'd'?
g) Case d had a higher total buffer concentration, but was it a better buffer than case a?
h) Was there a difference in buffering efficiency between addition of KOH versus HCl and was this difference amplified in case d? Comment on why your answer makes sense.