Discuss how the basic units of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid are utilized in energy pathways to produce energy. What are their differences and similarities?
3. Tina W. is a 43 year old white female who has tried a number of weight-loss programs to include very strict diets. She has never exercised in her previous weight loss attempts. She takes several cardiac medications, none of which she can remember. She is 5'9" and weighs 195 pounds. Her lowest body weight was 135 pounds, when she was 30 years old. (She was able to maintain that weight for two years.) Her blood pressure is high at 160/90. Tina mentioned that she tried numerous diets as a teenager when she weighed 170 pounds for 3 years.
a. Using the formulae in your text book, calculate Tina's:
1. BMR
2. Estimated Energy Requirements. Assume a sedentary activity level.
Show your work.
b. What types of exercise would you be likely to discuss with Tina?
c. What would be the goals of her treatment?
4. Determine your BMI. Is your BMI in a healthy range? If not, why not? Do you believe that measuring body fat percentage may more accurately reflect your body composition? Briefly discuss each body composition measure (e.g. skinfold calipers, bioelectrical impedance analysis, etc.) and discuss why measuring body fat is important in assessing a client's overall health status.
5. Select one fad diet from any popular publication or online source. Using the ‘How To' Box for Identifying a Fad Diet or Other Weight-Loss Scam (Highlight 9, page 295) of your textbook, evaluate the diet.
6. List and briefly explain the three main components of energy expenditure?
7. Kristin B. , like many Americans is overweight. Kristin is 43-year-old and a mother of two. She has gained 40 pounds since the birth of her youngest child five years ago. She is 64 inches tall and weighs 170 pounds with a BMI of 29.2. Her waist circumference is 37 inches. Kristin can't figure out why it is so hard to lose weight and keep it off.
Kristin decides something must be wrong with her to be such a dieting failure. Maybe she just doesn't have sufficient willpower or maybe she has abnormal metabolism. She feels tired most of the time and has very little energy. She is very busy with her children and has a demanding job as a middle school teacher. Kristin tries to cook healthy meals for her family but is often too tired or stressed to bother, so she stops to get some fast food on her way home. To make matters worse, her seven year-old son recently came home from school and said the kids were teasing him for being fat.
Kristin's father recently died from complications of type 2 diabetes. At her last medical checkup, her blood pressure was mildly elevated but all of her laboratory blood tests were normal.
Kristin decides it is time to make some changes for her entire family but she doesn't know quite where to start. She hopes she can help her son by finding a diet that works for him. Complicating the problem is the fact that Kristin's husband doesn't have a weight problem. Knowing that you are studying nutrition, Kristin decides to ask you for advice.
a. Based on her health history and physical measurements, describe how you would determine the seriousness of Kristin's weight gain in relation to her health.
b. Using the information in chapter 9, what would you estimate to be a reasonable amount of weight for Kristin to lose over the next six months?
c. What are some advantages for Kristin of keeping a food and exercise record? What other habits besides food intake and physical activity may be especially useful for Kristin to record?
d. You advise Kristin to limit her daily caloric intake to 1,400 kcalories. Use Table 9-2 to plan one day of meals and snacks to meet her nutritional needs within this calorie level. Use the chart below (one row is already completed):
Pattern (e.g. fruit, vegetables, grain, etc.) Specific Food Items & Portions Morning Fruit ½ cup orange juice Snack Noon Snack Evening