After watching the below video and doing the assigned readings, you should type an approximately 3 page double-spaced essay (of font size 10 or 11) which interweaves the answers to the main questions (in capital letters) below, with details from the assigned video and readings to support your answers. You need not summarize the video for this essay, and you need not discuss everything in the video, but you must include specific examples to support your points and you must show evidence of having watched the video, as well as having done the assigned readings.
Video Link (The Persuaders):https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/video/flv/generic.html?s=frol02p74&continuous=1
1) Given Lakoff's metaphor that "argument is war" (as found in the assigned articleMetaphors we Live by), and given Rapaille's approach to marketing and Frank Luntz's approach to politics and language in the video, "The Persuaders", do these undermine the traditional approach to argument, and aims, in critical reasoning, as discussed in the first week and last weeks of this course (see also the description of the course in the syllabus)? In answering this question, you should address what critical reasoning is, by reference to the description on the syllabus, to any class discussions throughout the term on critical reasoning, recognizing assumptions, identifying types of evidence, identifying and evaluating arguments, etc. Do such techniques found in these videos undermine critical reasoning, and how or how not?
2) In answering the main question above, you should explain how the metaphor "argument is war" influences our expectations of what a good argument is and compare and contrast it to what we learn in a critical reasoning class AND discuss one or more of the following: Rapaille (on marketing) AND/OR Luntz (on use of language in politics, etc) as they are presented in the video "The Persuaders" (chapters 4 - 6). You may also discuss other metaphors that Lakoff mentions that might inform how we view and act upon arguments, ideas, theories, etc. In other words, you should feel free to draw upon the entire article by Lakoff and Johnson.
In other words, what does the use of marketing techniques, and political consulting and campaigning techniques and/or metaphors, imply for critical reasoning, as we have discussed the latter in this class?
3) Under what circumstances might appeal to emotions become "propaganda"?