Type of supreme court opinion are lower-court judges

Question

Assignment:

Question 1 What's the relationship in the United States between state court systems and the federal court system?

• State courts are supervised by U.S. circuit courts (U.S. Courts of Appeals): each circuit court has
• State courts constitute a separate judicial system and a state case can ordinarily be appealed to the federal system only if it involves a federal issue
• State courts are administrative units of the federal court system and their decisions can be overridden at will by a federal court.
• State courts must get the approval of the federal courts before they issue a ruling.

Question 2 Which type of Supreme Court opinion are lower-court judges obliged to follow in deciding cases of a similar nature?

• majority opinion
• plurality opinion
• concurring opinion
• dissenting opinion

Question 3 Judicial review is

• the power of a court to decide whether another government institution has acted within its constitutional powers and, if not, to nullify its actions.
• the power of a court to review cases heard previously in a lower court.
• the power of a court to hear cases of a particular type.
• the power of the Senate to review the president's judicial nominees and to confirm or reject a nominee.

Question 4 The Supreme Court has been called "the world's most powerful court." Even if the claim is exaggerated, the Supreme Court is more powerful than the high courts of nearly all countries. What's the main reason the Supreme Court is extraordinarily powerful?

• The Supreme Court's justices hold lifetime terms whereas judges in most countries hold office for a limited period of time.
• Because of the nation's extensive system of divided and limited powers, constitutional disputes over the boundaries of these powers occur frequently; the U.S. Supreme Court has the power to decide what these boundaries will be and thus to decide what powers the branches and levels of government can lawfully exercise.
• The Supreme Court has only nine members where the highest court in most countries has a larger number of members.
• The Supreme Court picks the cases it hears and selects only the important ones whereas the high court in most countries is required to hear cases of particular types.

Question 5 The power of the Supreme Court to review a laws passed by Congress as unconstitutional was established in which decision?

• Dred Scott v. Sanford
• Marbury v. Madison
• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Martin v. Hunter's Lesse

Question 6 The Rule of Four refers to the minimum number of justices needed to

• decide a case that is binding on states
• remove a justice for ethics violations
• force a decision on a controversial issue
• accept a case for review by the Court

Question 7 Who normally represents the U.S. government when arguing a case before the Supreme Court?

• the president's chief of staff
• The solicitor general
• the president's chief counsel
• The attorney general

Question 8 The judicial principal of following long-standing doctrinal decisions is known as

• nolo contende
• amicus curiae
• cogito ergo sum
• stare decisis

Question 9 Justice Stephen Breyer and former justice Antonin Scalia have different approaches to the Constitution. Justice Breyer is known as a proponent of

• originalism
• textualism
• the living constitution
• the dead constitution

Question 10 All of the following are checks on the judiciary EXCEPT

• nomination by president
• requirement to decide a case between legitimate adversaries
• rule by precedent
• Life tenure