Transplantation -
- It is implanting of a living or preserved tissue or organ from one site to another side in the same individual or from one individual called donor to recipient.
- Cornea transplant performed in 1905 was one of first organ transplant.
- First kidney transplant was done between identical twins in 1954 by Dr. Charls Hufnagel.
- Christian Bernard performed the first heart transplant.
- The problem in tissue transplanation is of shortage of compatible donors & the rejection ractions graft reaction is of 3 types - acute, hyperacute & chronic.
- According to the site of transplantation, there are 2 types -
1. Orthopic graft - If it is transplanted at normal recipient site eg. heart transplant.
2. Heterotopic graft - If it is transplanted at abnormal site e.g. kidney transplant in iliac fossa.
According to the genetic relationship between donor & recipient it is of 4 types -
1. Syngeneic or Autograft -
Same individual
2. Isogeneic or isograft -
Same species gentically identical.
3. Allogenecic or allograph -
Same species genetically unrelated.
4. Xenogenic graft or xenograph -
Different species.