To meet growing customer demands, ACME Dental Products will begin doubling production of its line of cast iron, lead-plated dentures. They utilize a lead plating bath with 95,000 mg/L lead and a dragout rate of 0.15 L/min.
To keep customer fatality rates below 25%, the lead concentration in the rinse water dragout on the rinsed dentures must be 20 mg/L. Determine the total rinse water rate needed to produce these lead-loaded chompers, comparing: (1) a single running rinse tank, (2) series rinsing with three rinse tanks, (3) countercurrent rinsing process with three rinse tanks, and (4) a dead rinse tank followed by two countercurrent rinse tanks.
Assume the incoming clean rinse water contains no lead, and the lead plating bath has an evaporation rate of 0.02 L/min.