1. Who was the moral philosopher who wrote The Theory of Moral Sentiments as well as The Wealth of Nations?
a. John Locke
b. John Wesley
c. David Hume
d. Adam Smith
2. Special ethics applies to which of the following?
a. It analyzes hidden presuppositions and brings them to light for critical scrutiny
b. It consists of applying general ethics to particular problems.
c. It analyzes societal practices and their application to particular problems.
d. It consists of studying and describing the morality of a people, culture, or society.
3.Who was the philosopher that condemned usury?
a. Thomas Aquinas
b. Reinhold Niebuhr
c. Adam Smith
d. Immanuel Kant
4. Which of the following describes metaethics?
a. It compares and contrasts different ethical systems, codes, practices, and beliefs.
b. It attempts to form into a related whole the various norms, rules, and values of a society’s morality.
c. It attempts to justify the basic principle of morality.
d. It analyzes hidden presuppositions and brings them to light for critical scrutiny
5. Which of the following is the art of solving difficult problems, cases, or deliberations through the careful application of moral principles?
a. special effects
b. normative ethics
c. metaethics
d. casuistry
6. A(n) ____________ is a problem, situation, or opportunity requiring an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong.
a. ethical issue
b. crisis
c. indictment
d. fraud
7. What is the first level of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg?
a. Conventional
b. Preconventional
c. Autonomous
d. Postconventional
8. What does it mean for an action to be subjectively right?
a. An action is subjectively right if it is in conformity with the moral law.
b. An action is subjectively right if a person believes that the action is moral.
c. An action is subjectively right if it promotes the greater good.
d. An action is subjectively right if it advances one’s own self-interest.
9. What does it mean for an action to be objectively right?
a. An action is objectively right if a person believes that the action is moral.
b. An action is objectively right if it is in conformity with the moral law.
c. An action is objectively right if it advances one’s own self-interest.
d. An action is objectively right if it promotes the greater good.
10. What is the name given to philosophers who attempt to use only one ethical approach to ethical questions?
a. ethical pluralists.
b. utilitarians
c. deontologists
d. ethical monists.
11. What is the name given to philosophers who construct their ethical approaches with mixed approaches?
a. ethical pluralists.
b. utilitarians
c. ethical monists.
d. deontologists
12. Which level in Kohlberg’s is the least attained?
a. first level
b. third level
c. second level
d. fourth level
13. Consequentialism belongs to which sort of ethical approach?
a. deontological
b. special
c. theological
d. teleological
14. The ethical approach that maintains that what has to be calculated is not pleasure or happiness but all intrinsically valuable human goods, which include friendship, knowledge, and a host of other goods valuable in themselves
a. ideal utilitarianism
b. hedonistic utilitarianism
c. eudaimonistic utilitarianism
d. all of these
15. Which of the following is NOT a step to be taken in a utilitarian analysis?
a. Identify all those who are directly and indirectly affected by the action.
b. Consider, imaginatively, whether there are various alternatives other than simply doing
or not doing the action, and carry out a similar analysis for each of the other alternative actions.
c. Specify only the good consequences of the action for those directly affected.
d. Carry out a similar analysis, if necessary, for those indirectly affected, as well as
for society as a whole.
16. Which of the following was a hedonistic utilitarian that argued that we should consider intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, and fecundity when performing an analysis?
a. John Stuart Mill
b. Jeremy Bentham
c. Immanuel Kant
d. John Rawls
17. When faced with the temptation to break a contract, we are always concerned with a particular contract in a particular set of circumstances. To determine the morality of the action, we should calculate the effects of breaking this particular contract. Which sort of
utilitarianism is represented here?
a. Rule-utilitarianism
b. Deontological-utilitarianism
c. Theological-utilitarianism
d. Act-utilitarianism
18. Which of the following common business practices is roughly analogous to the utility calculus?
a. Cost-benefit analysis
b. Marketing research
c. Public relations
d. System analysis
19. The Myth of Amoral Business is consistent with which of the following?
a. Business and people in business are immoral.
b. Businesses and people in business are not explicitly concerned with ethics.
c. Businesses and people in business are inherently ethical.
d. Businesses and people in business are unethical.
20. For someone in the Kantian tradition, to be moral is the same as being which of the following?
a. Emotional
b. Free
c. Rational
d. Obedient
21. Which of the following is a formalistic ethical approach?
a. The moral law specifies precisely what the right actions must contain.
b. The moral law contains both formal elements and content for moral actions.
c. The moral law does not state what content an action must have to be a right action.
d. The moral law contains only the content of the action that is right.
22. Which of the following is NOT a condition for an action to be considered a moral action?
a. It must take into consideration the particular circumstances.
b. It must be amenable to being made consistently universal.
c. It must respect rational beings as ends in themselves.
d. It must stem from, and respect, the autonomy of rational beings
23. According to Kant, all people should be treated in which of the following ways?
a. As a means, if the end is desired
b. As an end in themselves
c. As a means to an end
d. As an end as long as the means are considered
24. According to Kant, the first form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following?
a. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another,
always as an end and never as a means only.
b. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you.
c. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law
d. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving.
25. According to Kant, the second form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following?
a. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.
b. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you.
c. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.
d. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving.