TipTop Flight School offers flying lessons at a small municipal airport. The school's owner and manager has been attempting to evaluate performance and control costs using a variance report that compares the planning budget to actual results. A recent variance report appears below:
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TipTop Flight School
Variance Report
For the Month Ended July 31
|
|
|
Actual
Results
|
Planning
Budget
|
Variances
|
|
Lessons
|
|
195
|
|
190
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
$
|
39,920
|
$
|
38,950
|
$
|
970
|
F
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Instructor wages
|
|
11,950
|
|
11,780
|
|
170
|
U
|
|
Aircraft depreciation
|
|
7,605
|
|
7,410
|
|
195
|
U
|
|
Fuel
|
|
4,060
|
|
3,610
|
|
450
|
U
|
|
Maintenance
|
|
3,420
|
|
3,300
|
|
120
|
U
|
|
Ground facility expenses
|
|
1,935
|
|
2,000
|
|
65
|
F
|
|
Administration
|
|
4,330
|
|
4,390
|
|
60
|
F
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expense
|
|
33,300
|
|
32,490
|
|
810
|
U
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating income
|
$
|
6,620
|
$
|
6,460
|
$
|
160
|
F
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
After several months of using such variance reports, the owner has become frustrated. For example, she is quite confident that instructor wages were very tightly controlled in July, but the report shows an unfavorable variance.
The planning budget was developed using the following formulas, where qis the number of lessons sold:
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|
Cost Formulas
|
|
Revenue
|
$205q
|
|
Instructor wages
|
$62q
|
|
Aircraft depreciation
|
$39q
|
|
Fuel
|
$19q
|
|
Maintenance
|
$ 640 + $14q
|
|
Ground facility expenses
|
$1,620 + $2q
|
|
Administration
|
$4,200 + $1q
|
|
|
Required:
Complete the flexible budget performance report for the school for July. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)
