No consensus exists on how the courts should punish the guilty, perhaps because five different philosophical principles guide sentencing in the United States: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation, and restoration. These sentencing philosophies differ in important ways. Some focus on past behavior, whereas others are future oriented. Some stress that the punishment should fit the crime, whereas others emphasize that the punishment should fit the criminal. These issues influence contemporary thinking about sentencing. Please discuss, and distinguish between, each of the 5 major sentencing philosophies.