1. An increase in the wage will have a relatively small effect on the quantity of labour demanded when:
A. labour costs are a large share of total costs
B. other inputs are close substitutes for this category of labour
C. the price elasticity of demand for the final product is relatively small
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
2. A national labour marketing is more likely to exist when:
A. there is many employers and employees in most regions
B. most high-level positions in firms are filled by promotions within
C. there is relatively few employers and employees in most regions
D. none of the above
3. Over the course of the business cycle and employment is expected to be more stable for those workers who possess large investments in:
A. general training
B. firm-specific training
C. either general or firm-specific training
D. none of the above
4. Statistical discrimination is expected to be _____ in firms that rely on the utilized of internal labor markets.
A. less likely
B. more likely
C. equally likely
5. An increase in the mandated overtime premium is expected to cause the number of workers employed to:
A. fall
B. remain unchanged
C. rise as long as the scale effect outweighs the substitution effect
D. rise as long as the substitution effect outweighs the scale effect
6. The substitution effect associated with a decrease in the wage is expected to cause the quantity of labour demanded by a typical firm to :
A. increase
B. decrease
C. remain constant
D. change in a manner that cannot be predicted without additional info
7. The scale effect associated with an increase in the wage is expected to cause the quantity of labour demanded by a typical firm to:
A. increase
B. decrease
C. remain constant
D. change in a manner that cannot be predicted without additional info
8. As the wage rate rises:
A. the substitution effect reduces the quantity of labour demanded
B. the scale effect reduces the quantity of labour demanded
C. both is correct
D. none of the above
9. Which of the following does not correctly characterize the general trends in the labor force participation rates over the past 50 years?
A. labor force participation rate has declined for married women
B. labor force participation rate has declined for males aged 65 and above.
C. labor force participation rate has declined for males between the ages of 18 and 21.
10. Presume that a union is able to successfully organize a boycott of products produced by workers in foreign sweatshops. Will this affect the own-wage elasticity of labor demand for union workers? If so how? Which Hicks-Marshall law applies? Does the boycott affect the substitution effect of the scale effect? Describe.
11. Describe how the introduction of a higher minimum wage will affect total employment under each of the following conditions:
Perfectly competitive labor market with complete coverage
Perfectly competitive labor market with incomplete coverage
A monophony market
12. Describe the relationship between the wage rate and the marginal factor cost in a monophony market. Is the wage rate equal to the marginal factor cost? If so, explain why this is the case, or describe why not.
13. Describe the reasons for the increase in the female labor for participation rates since the 1940s.
To predict the outcome of a contrary election, a newspaper obtains a list of all 997,939 registered voters in the country and wants to conduct a systematic sample size 110. If we start with the 19th voter in the list, what will be the 2nd, 4th, and 6th individuals in the sample?