The sales manager for Smith Exports is deciding on the firm's distribution strategy in several markets. He wants to know which factor is likely to shorten channel length in a particular country. Which of the following factors helps a firm shorten channel length?
a. Fragmentation of a retail system
b. small sales force
c. entry of large discount superstores
d. smaller sales orders generated from sales calls
e. frim's insistence of dealing with wholesalers instead of manufacturers
Please explain the correct answer.