The Problem of Nationalities in 19th-Century Europe
The Habsburg Empire, also known as the Austrian (or after 1857, the Austrian-Hungarian) Empire, had a single code of law, a single army, and a single government bureaucracy, just like other governments, or states, in Europe. Yet, the people who lived under the Empire came from many different "nations," or what we might think of as ethnic groups, with many different religions and languages. (See the exercise of this unit to learn more about the "multi-national" character of the Empire.)