The effect of the input R(s) and the disturbance Td(s) on the output Y(s) can be considered independently of each other because:
a. This is a linear system, therefore we can apply the principle of superposition.
b. The input R(s) does not influence the disturbance Td(s).
c. The disturbance Td(s) occurs at high frequency, while the input R(s) occurs at low frequency.
d. The system is causal.