The diagram below is the schematic of a protection system

Question

Question 1:

The diagram below is the schematic of a protection system for a 33/11kV double transformer substation in which the 33kV switchboard and the 11kV switchboard are at the same location. The protection arrangements for T2 are the same as those for T1. Define and describe the system components, their mode of operation and where appropriate their zone limits. Indicate with reasons those elements that need to discriminate (grade) with other elements and those which do not.

Question 2:

In the above schematic, two Neutral Earthing Resistors are used. Would it be possible to use only one for both transformers? If so, what are the operational or other disadvantages and how could they be overcome?

Question 3:

The diagram below is the schematic of a protection system for a 33/11kV double transformer substation arranged as transformer feeders with no 33kV switchgear at the supplied substation.

The protection arrangements for T2 are the same as those for T1. Describe the operation of the protection scheme and contrast and compare it with the scheme described for Question 1. Indicate with reasons those elements that need to discriminate (grade) with other elements and those which do not

Answer 1

Answer the following numerical questions by applying the principles and laws of Physics and make sure to show the complete procedural part. Q1: The diagram illustrated below is a schematic of the protection system for a 33/11kV double transformer substation in which the 33kV switchboard and the 11kV switchboard are at similar location. The protection arrangements for T2 are similar as those for T1. Define and explain the system components, their mode of operation and in which correct their zone limits. Point out with reasons such elements that require to discriminate (grade) by means of other elements and those which don’t. Q2: In the above schematic, 2 Neutral Earthing Resistors are utilized. Would it be possible to make use of just one for both transformers? If so, describe the operational or other demerits and how could they be conquer?