Assignment
The case surrounding the events in Estonia (2007) have significant implications for cyber issues. What were the challenges to attribution with the Estonia Case Study? Why is this important to the future of understanding cyber threat situations?
Length: 2 pages.
APA Format
3 sources
Reading
Clark, David D. and Susan Landau, "Untangling Attribution," Harvard National Security Journal (2011), pp. 1-30.
Hare, Forrest. "The Significance of Attribution to Cyberspace Coercion: A Political Perspective." 4th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (2012), pp. 1-15.
Healey, Jason, "Beyond Attribution: Seeking National Responsibility for Cyber Attacks," Atlantic Council Issue Paper, Cyber Statecraft Initiative (2011), pp. 1-8.
Lewis, James A., "Cyber Attacks Explained," Center for Strategic and International Studies (2007), pp. 1-2.
Rid, Thomas and Ben Buchanan. "Attributing Cyber Attacks." Journal of Strategic Studies 38 (2015), pp. 4-37.
Traynor, Ian, "Russia Accused of Unleashing Cyberwar to Disable Estonia," The Guardian (17 May 2007).
Shackleford, Scott J. "State Responsibility for Cyber Attacks: Competing Standards for a Growing Problem." Conference on Cyber Conflict (2010).
Waterman, Shaun, "Who Cybersmacked Estonia?" UPI, June 11, 2007.