The Bull Company, a lawn mower manufacturer, is considering the introduction of a new model. The initial outlay required is $22 million. Net cash flows over the 4-year life cycle and the corresponding certainty-equivalents of the new model are as follows:
Year Net Cash Flow Certainty-equivalent Factor
1 $15 million 0.90
2 $13 million 0.75
3 $11 million 0.55
4 $ 9 million 0.30
The firm's cost of capital is 14% and the risk-free rate is 6%. Bull uses the certainty-equivalent approach in evaluating above-average risk investments such as this one. What is the project's certainty-equivalent NPV?
A. $20,083,000.28
B. $6,631,663.90
C. $13,905,000.72
D. $3,019,400.20