Suspension System, Wheels and Tyres: There are numerous types of suspensions for connecting the wheels to frame body. The suspension plays the vital role in handling and driving motorcycle comfortably. People tend to overlook the basics of the suspension.
In addition to connecting the wheel to the frame, the suspension also absorbs shocks from the road surface. If the wheel is directly fixed to the frame, road shock is transmitted directly to the frame, impairing riding comfort and causing damage to the functional parts. By providing a cushion through shock absorber between the wheel and the frame the motorcycle is protected against shock damage and riding comfort is maintained. The suspension of a motorcycle basically consists of a coil spring and a damper.
First, let us study the functions of the coil spring. The coil spring is installed between the wheel axle and the frame. When the wheel hits the bump the spring is compressed. The compression of spring absorbs the shock and prevents the transfer of these shocks to the vehicle body. This movement of the coil spring is termed as cushion effect.
After compression, the spring rebounds and pushes the frame upwards. As this spring extends, compression occurs again, thus the frame bounces up and down, making the rider uncomfortable.
The damper is a device which suppresses the spring oscillation without impairing the cushion function of the spring. The damper absorbs the energy of oscillations. The absorption of energy by the damper is called the damping effect.
With the combination of coil spring and damper, that is cushion and damping effect, the suspension absorbs the road shock quickly, ensuring the smooth running of the motorcycle.