Suppose the intermediation of capital goods costs φ units of the consumption good for each unit of capital intermediated (φ < X0.5). Assume that transaction costs occur when agents withdraw from banks (when they are middle-aged). What will the equi- librium rate of return offered by intermediaries be if they are the ones who bear the transaction costs? For what value of φ, X, z, and n will fiat money be valued in this economy?