Tackall Company was incorporated six years ago and is a wholesale and close -out distributor of kitchen appliances & cookware products. The president, Mary Tackall, has been in sales over 20 years. Tackall is a growing company which is publicly traded. Recently, Sales have accelerated at a rapid pace due to the implementation of internet sales and an extensive advertising campaign. Selected financial statement information for 20x1 and 20x2 are attached.
Enter & Mullen, CPAs (EM) is the auditors for Tackall, EM has audited Tackall since January, 20x1. Internal controls were reviewed in early 20x1 and EM determined that lack of segregation of duties existed in many areas of the company. EM decided reliance on internal controls would be impossible and decided to do a substantive audit. In 20x2, the segregation of duties difficulty continued &, in addition, Tackall made changes in its computer system during the year, Again, the auditors' decided it would be more efficient to perform a substantive audit than to rely on controls.
Accounts Receivable
EM Auditors set materiality levels in the planning process and documented these levels in their planning memoranda. In 20x1, materiality was set AT $35,000 in the sales/accounts receivable area. In 20x2,due to growth in the company , materiality was set at $50,000.
EM reviewed the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts and inquired about selected balances which were over 90 days old. EM sent out positive confirmations on approximately 55 %-60% of the accounts receivable balances in 20x1 and 20x2:
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|
20x1
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20x2
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Total trade accounts receivable
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$4,146,594
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$26,952,431
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Confirmations mailed - total dollar balances
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$2,436,400
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$15,320,109
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% Confirmations received - number mailed
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71%
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80%
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% Confirmations received - number mailed
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$1,900,036
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$14,786,239
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EM applied alternative procedures to accounts when confirmations requested were not received. Some of these alternative procedures are discussed in the next section.
Sales Transactions
EM performed tests of sales transactions in both 20x1 and 20x2 in order to document the audirors' understanding of the flow of sales transactions through the accounting system. The sales transactions tested are summarized below:
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20x1
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20x2
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Total sales
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$21,341,721
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$87,831,141
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Total number of invoices
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27,514
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116,420
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Number of invoices tested
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70
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16
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Dollar value tested
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$85,408
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$42,806
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In the tests of sales transactions in 20x1, the largest sale in the sample was $11,436. There were several unusually large sales that were made near year end:
Southwestern Inc:
6 invoices dated 12/30/x1 which totaled $370,440
Balco:
1 invoices date 12/28/x1 for $1,244,685
The following audit work was noted in EM's working papers relative to these two accounts:
Southwestern, Inc:
The auditors sent southwestern a positive accounts receivable confirmation at year end. The Tackall records reflected a total receivable of $418,323, which included the 6 invoices dated 12/20/x1 which totaled $370,440. Southwestern confirmed a balance of $19,426 and included a detail listing of the open invoices which made up this balance. The working papers indicated a second confirmation request was sent but the working papers did not include any indication that the second confirmation was received. EM auditors performed alternative procedures on the balance which was not covered in the confirmation from southwestern. These procedures included tracing the amounts to invoices and shipping documents to verify the validity of the accounts receivable booked by Tackall. The shipping document EM reviewed was Tackall's vendor invoices that indicated that the products had been shipped to southwestern on 12/21/x1. In addition the following note appeared in EM's working papers relating to the six invoices totaling $370,440:
"The invoices were sales recorded in late December and not received by the customer as of year end and therefore not recorded in the customer's accounts payable. We reviewed the invoices and shipping documents. Appears reasonable, pass further work".(This note was prepared by the audit assistant and the audit senior reviewed and initialed the audit working paper.)
Balco:
EM sent a positive confirmation to Balco and Balco confirmed the balance. The confirmation was included in the working papers. EM's working papers included a note that indicated the inventory included in this sale had been purchased from a Balco subsidiary in October. 20x1 and was resold to a Balco at year end with a small mark up.
In 20x2, there were several large sales made at or near year end involving four customers.
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Hall mart
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$1,254,000
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Racines
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3,174,050
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Draycon
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3,620,600
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Balco
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5,442,503
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Hall mart, Racines, and Draycon are retail stores. The sales were made late in December 20x2 and were made with payment terms of 90 to 120 days. The Balco sales was similar to the sale which occurred at the end of 20x1 and involved the resale of merchandise previously purchased from a Balco subsidiary.
EM accounts receivable confirmation work included the above accounts and these accounts were positively confirmed. The EM working papers indicated that the payment terms were discussed with Mary Tackall and she stated that they were very good customers so 90 to 120 day terms had been extended based on their past payment history.
Audit Adjustments
In performing cutoff procedures on sales and inventory. EM discovered that a Sale of $48,310 had been booked in January 20x3. Upon further investigation. EM noted that the shipment had been made on December 15,20x2. EM's Working papers indicated they proposed an adjustment and the adjustment was made.
In reviewing the collectability of accounts receivable in 20x2, EM auditors concluded that there was an additional shortage in the allowance for doubtful accounts of $115,401. The working papers contained a note which indicated this was immaterial when compared to the trade receivable balances at year end and an adjustment was passed in the working papers.
Management Representations:
Tackall's Chief financial officer resigned in February 20x2. Due to tight job market, Tackall encountered difficulty in finding a replacement. A new chief financial officer was hired in November 20x2. Once he came on board, he was quite helpful answering auditor questions and inquires, since the financial officer had not been in place for the entire year, EM did not request that the chief financial officer sign the management representation letter for 20x2.
Selected Financial statement Information
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Tackall Company Consolidated Balance Sheets
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December 31
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Assets
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20x1
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20x2
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Current Assets
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Cash
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$547,356
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$373,906
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Short Term Investments
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707,857
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12,313,007
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Receivable
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|
|
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Trade, less allowance for doubtful of $555,823 and $427,570 in December 20x1 and 20x2, respectively
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4,146,594
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26,952,431
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Notes receivable
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219,368
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0
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Related parties
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6,535
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5,706
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Inventories
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7,568,334
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43,281,775
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Prepaid expenses and deposits
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459,500
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1,932,989
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Total Current Assets
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$13,655,544
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$84,859,814
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Property and equipment, at cost:
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Furniture, fixtures and equipment
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4,039
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1,523,893
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Automobiles and trucks
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106,074
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124,321
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Leasehold improvements
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15,452
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123,978
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Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
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(71,144)
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(125,065)
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|
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54,421
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1,647,127
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Other Assets
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717,175
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1,385,693
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Total Assets
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$14,427,140
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$87,892,634
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Selected Financial statement Information
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Tackall Company Consolidated Balance Sheets
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|
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December 31
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Liabilities and shareholder's Equity
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20x1
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20x2
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|
Current Liabilities:
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Short term debt
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$233,004
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$70,670
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Current maturities of long term debt
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116,320
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63,552
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Accounts Payable
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6,448,693
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20,361,300
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Accrued expenses
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80,657
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1,058,677
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Income taxes payable
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463,000
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829,723
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Customer deposits
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0
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166,174
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Total current Liabilities
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7,341,674
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22,550,096
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Long-Term debt, less current maturities
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3,400,012
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283,154
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Convertible subordinated debentures
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0
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30,000,000
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Commitments and Contingencies
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|
Share Holders' equity:
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Cumulative preferred stock, 41,00 par value, 2,500,000 shares authorized, none issued
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0
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0
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Non-cumulative preferred stock, 41,00 par value, 2,500,000 shares authorized, none issued
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0
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0
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|
Common Stock, $.01 par value,100,000,000 authorized: 4,150,000 and 11,556,700 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,20x1 and 20x2, respectively
|
41,500
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115,567
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Additional Capital
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2,807,709
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30,871,291
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Retained earnings
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836,245
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4,072,526
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|
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3,685,454
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35,059,384
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Total Liabilities and share holders' equity
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$14,427,140
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$87,892,634
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Tackall Company Consolidated statements of Income
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|
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Year Ended December 31
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|
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20x0
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20x1
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20x2
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Net Sales
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$7,969,889
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$21,341,721
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$87,831,141
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Cost of goods sold
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(6,851,063)
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(18,403,491)
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(75,760,473)
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Gross Profit
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1,118,826
|
2,938,230
|
12,070,668
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Selling, general and administrative expenses
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(835,294)
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(1,394,621)
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(5,705,376)
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Income from operations
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283,532
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1,543,609
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6,365,292
|
|
Other(income) expense:
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Interest expense
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92,188
|
275,039
|
1,234,436
|
|
Investment income and other
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(4,552)
|
(74,917)
|
(772,345)
|
|
|
87,636
|
200,122
|
462,091
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|
Income before income taxes
|
195,896
|
1,343,487
|
5,903,201
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|
Provisions for income taxes
|
96,000
|
596,000
|
2,666,201
|
|
Net income
|
$99,896
|
$747,487
|
$3,236,281
|
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Net income per Share
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0.02
|
$0.11
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$0.30
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|
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares
|
5,000,000
|
7,066,540
|
10,675,840
|
[A] What do you think the auditors meant by the term "Substantive Audit"? Was the substantive approach appropriately applied in EM's audit of Tackall?
[B] Identify and discuss specific audit process/procedures that the auditor(s) performed that were in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.