Statisticians conduct hypothesis testing by taking a sample from a population of interest. The hypotheses are always a testable (measurable) relation about the population, not the sample.
The sample is used computationally in an appropriate test statistic to determine whether the Null Hypothesis should be rejected or not rejected (never accepted).
When the Null Hypothesis is rejected, we conclude that the Alternative Hypothesis is true.
When the Null Hypothesis is not rejected, we conclude that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the Alternative Hypothesis is true.
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