Question 1. Carefully read the "Test 1: Inference" section of the instructions before answering questions 1 - 16.
Statement of Facts: In 1946 the United States Armed Forces conducted an experiment called "Operation Snowdrop," to find out what kinds of military men seems to function best under severe arctic climatic conditions. Some of the factors examined were weight, age, blood pressure, and national origin. All of the participants in "Operation Snowdrop" were given a training course in how to survive and function in extreme cold. At the conclusion of the experiment it was found that only two facts among those studied distinguished between men whose performance was rated as "effective" and those rated "not effective" on the arctic exercises. These factors were: (1) desire to participate in the experiment, and (2) degree of knowledge and skill regarding how to live and protect oneself under arctic conditions.
Inference: Despite the training course given to all of the participants in "Operation Snowdrop," some participants exhibited greater arctic survival knowledge or skill than others.
Question 2. Statement of Facts: In 1946 the United States Armed Forces conducted an experiment called "Operation Snowdrop," to find out what kinds of military men seemed to function best under severe arctic climatic conditions. Some of the factors examined were weight, age, blood pressure, and national origin. All of the participants in "Operation Snowdrop" were given a training course in how to survive and function in extreme cold. At the conclusion of the experiment it was found that only two facts among those studied distinguished between men whose performance was rated as "effective" and those rated "not effective" on the arctic exercises. These factors were: (1) desire to participate in the experiment, and (2) degree of knowledge and skill regarding how to live and protect oneself under arctic conditions.
Inference: It was believed by the Armed Forces that military operations might someday be carried out in an arctic-like environment.
Question 3. Statement of Facts: In 1946 the United States Armed Forces conducted an experiment called "Operation Snowdrop," to find out what kinds of military men seems to function best under severe arctic climatic conditions. Some of the factors examined were weight, age, blood pressure, and national origin. All of the participants in "Operation Snowdrop" were given a training course in how to survive and function in extreme cold. At the conclusion of the experiment it was found that only two facts among those studied distinguished between men whose performance was rated as "effective" and those rated "not effective" on the arctic exercises. These factors were: (1) desire to participate in the experiment, and (2) degree of knowledge and skill regarding how to live and protect oneself under arctic conditions.
Inference: A majority of the men who participated in "Operation Snowdrop" thoroughly disliked the experience.
Question 4. Statement of Facts: In 1946 the United States Armed Forces conducted an experiment called "Operation Snowdrop," to find out what kinds of military men seems to function best under severe arctic climatic conditions. Some of the factors examined were weight, age, blood pressure, and national origin. All of the participants in "Operation Snowdrop" were given a training course in how to survive and function in extreme cold. At the conclusion of the experiment it was found that only two facts among those studied distinguished between men whose performance was rated as "effective" and those rated "not effective" on the arctic exercises. These factors were: (1) desire to participate in the experiment, and (2) degree of knowledge and skill regarding how to live and protect oneself under arctic conditions.
Inference: As a group, the men of Scandinavian origin were found to function more effectively under severe arctic conditions than those of Latin origin.
Question 5. Statement of Facts: In 1946 the United States Armed Forces conducted an experiment called "Operation Snowdrop," to find out what kinds of military men seems to function best under severe arctic climatic conditions. Some of the factors examined were weight, age, blood pressure, and national origin. All of the participants in "Operation Snowdrop" were given a training course in how to survive and function in extreme cold. At the conclusion of the experiment it was found that only two facts among those studied distinguished between men whose performance was rated as "effective" and those rated "not effective" on the arctic exercises. These factors were: (1) desire to participate in the experiment, and (2) degree of knowledge and skill regarding how to live and protect oneself under arctic conditions.
Inference: Participants having normal weight and blood pressure were rated as significantly more effective on the arctic exercises than were the other participants.
Question 6. Statement of Facts: Mr. Brown, who lives in the town of Salem, was brought before the Salem municipal court for the sixth time in the past month on a charge of keeping his pool hall open after 1 a.m. He again admitted his guilt and was fined the maximum, $500, as in each earlier instance.
Inference: On some nights it was to Mr. Brown's advantage to keep his pool hall open after 1 a.m., even at the risk of paying a $500 fine.
Question 7. Statement of Facts: Mr. Brown, who lives in the town of Salem, was brought before the Salem municipal court for the sixth time in the past month on a charge of keeping his pool hall open after 1 a.m. He again admitted his guilt and was fined the maximum, $500, as in each earlier instance.
Inference: Mr. Brown's pool hall was held by the municipal court to be within the legal jurisdiction of thee town of Salem.
Question 8. Statement of Facts: Mr. Brown, who lives in the town of Salem, was brought before the Salem municipal court for the sixth time in the past month on a charge of keeping his pool hall open after 1 a.m. He again admitted his guilt and was fined the maximum, $500, as in each earlier instance.
Inference: Mr. Brown repeatedly flouted the 1 a.m. closing law in hopes of getting it repealed.
Question 9. Statement of Facts: Mr. Brown, who lives in the town of Salem, was brought before the Salem municipal court for the sixth time in the past month on a charge of keeping his pool hall open after 1 a.m. He again admitted his guilt and was fined the maximum, $500, as in each earlier instance.
Inference: The maximum fine of $500 was fully effective in keeping all pool halls in Salem and its vicinity closed after 1 p.m.
Question 10. Statement of Facts: Mr. Brown, who lives in the town of Salem, was brought before the Salem municipal court for the sixth time in the past month on a charge of keeping his pool hall open after 1 a.m. He again admitted his guilt and was fined the maximum, $500, as in each earlier instance.
Inference: There was one week during the past month when Mr. Brown observed the legal closing time each night.
Question 11. Statement of Facts: Some time ago a crowd gathered in Middletown to hear the new president of the Chamber of Commerce speak. The president said, "I am not asking, but demanding, that labor unions now accept their full share of responsibility for civic improvement and community welfare. I am not asking, but demanding, that they join the Chamber of Commerce." The members of the Central Labor Unions who were present applauded enthusiastically. Three months later all the labor unions in Middletown were represented in the Chamber of Commerce. These representatives worked with representatives of other groups on committees, spoke their minds, participated actively in the civic improvement projects, and helped the Chamber reach the goals set in connection with those projects.
Inference: Both the labor union representatives and the other members of the committee came to a better recognition of one another's viewpoints through their Chamber of Commerce contacts.
Question 12. Statement of Facts: Some time ago a crowd gathered in Middletown to hear the new president of the Chamber of Commerce speak. The president said, "I am not asking, but demanding, that labor unions now accept their full share of responsibility for civic improvement and community welfare. I am not asking, but demanding, that they join the Chamber of Commerce." The members of the Central Labor Unions who were present applauded enthusiastically. Three months later all the labor unions in Middletown were represented in the Chamber of Commerce. These representatives worked with representatives of other groups on committees, spoke their minds, participated actively in the civic improvement projects, and helped the Chamber reach the goals set in connection with those projects.
Inference: Union participation in the Middletown Chamber of Commerce greatly reduced worker-management disputes in that town.
Question 13. Statement of Facts: Some time ago a crowd gathered in Middletown to hear the new president of the Chamber of Commerce speak. The president said, "I am not asking, but demanding, that labor unions now accept their full share of responsibility for civic improvement and community welfare. I am not asking, but demanding, that they join the Chamber of Commerce." The members of the Central Labor Unions who were present applauded enthusiastically. Three months later all the labor unions in Middletown were represented in the Chamber of Commerce. These representatives worked with representatives of other groups on committees, spoke their minds, participated actively in the civic improvement projects, and helped the Chamber reach the goals set in connection with those projects.
Inference: The active participation of the labor unions resolved many controversies at all the committee meetings of the Chamber of Commerce.
Question 14. Statement of Facts: Some time ago a crowd gathered in Middletown to hear the new president of the Chamber of Commerce speak. The president said, "I am not asking, but demanding, that labor unions now accept their full share of responsibility for civic improvement and community welfare. I am not asking, but demanding, that they join the Chamber of Commerce." The members of the Central Labor Unions who were present applauded enthusiastically. Three months later all the labor unions in Middletown were represented in the Chamber of Commerce. These representatives worked with representatives of other groups on committees, spoke their minds, participated actively in the civic improvement projects, and helped the Chamber reach the goals set in connection with those projects.
Inference: Most of the union representatives regretted having accepted the invitation to participate in the Chamber of Commerce.
Question 15. Statement of Facts: Some time ago a crowd gathered in Middletown to hear the new president of the Chamber of Commerce speak. The president said, "I am not asking, but demanding, that labor unions now accept their full share of responsibility for civic improvement and community welfare. I am not asking, but demanding, that they join the Chamber of Commerce." The members of the Central Labor Unions who were present applauded enthusiastically. Three months later all the labor unions in Middletown were represented in the Chamber of Commerce. These representatives worked with representatives of other groups on committees, spoke their minds, participated actively in the civic improvement projects, and helped the Chamber reach the goals set in connection with those projects.
Inference: Some of the Chamber of Commerce members came to feel that their president had been unwise in asking the union representatives to join the Chamber.
Question 16. Statement of Facts: Some time ago a crowd gathered in Middletown to hear the new president of the Chamber of Commerce speak. The president said, "I am not asking, but demanding, that labor unions now accept their full share of responsibility for civic improvement and community welfare. I am not asking, but demanding, that they join the Chamber of Commerce." The members of the Central Labor Unions who were present applauded enthusiastically. Three months later all the labor unions in Middletown were represented in the Chamber of Commerce. These representatives worked with representatives of other groups on committees, spoke their minds, participated actively in the civic improvement projects, and helped the Chamber reach the goals set in connection with those projects.
Inference: The new president indicated in the speech that the town's labor unions had not yet accepted their full responsibility for civic improvement.
Question 17. Carefully read the "Test 2: Recognition of Assumptions" section of the instructions before answering questions 17 - 32.
Statement: In the long run, the discovery of additional uses for atomic energy will prove a blessing to humanity.
Proposed assumption: Additional and beneficial ways of using atomic energy will be discovered.
Question 18. Statement: In the long run, the discovery of additional uses for atomic energy will prove a blessing to humanity.
Proposed assumption: The discovery of additional uses for atomic energy will require large, long-term investments of money.
Question 19. Statement: In the long run, the discovery of additional uses for atomic energy will prove a blessing to humanity.
Proposed assumption: The use of atomic energy represents a serious environmental hazard.
Question 20. Statement: Zenith is the city to move to - it has the lowest taxes.
Proposed assumption: Lower taxes imply efficient city management.
Question 21. Statement: Zenith is the city to move to - it has the lowest taxes.
Proposed assumption: In deciding where to live, it is important to avoid high taxes.
Question 22. Statement: Zenith is the city to move to - it has the lowest taxes.
Proposed assumption: The majority of the residents of Zenith are content with their present city government.
Question 23. Statement: We have permitted ourselves to be stampeded into a life of unnatural and dangerous high pressure. We pace ourselves by machines instead of by our natural rhythm.
Proposed assumption: We can resist being pushed into a life of unnatural high pressure.
Question 24. Statement: We have permitted ourselves to be stampeded into a life of unnatural and dangerous high pressure. We pace ourselves by machines instead of by our natural rhythm.
Proposed assumption: The way of life we have adopted is not in tune with the way human beings were meant to live.
Question 25. Statement: We have permitted ourselves to be stampeded into a life of unnatural and dangerous high pressure. We pace ourselves by machines instead of by our natural rhythm.
Proposed assumption: The rapid pace of our lives does not help us to achieve our goals.
Question 26. Statement: I'm traveling to South America. I want to be sure that I do not get typhoid fever, so I shall go to my physician and get vaccinated against typhoid fever before I begin my trip.
Proposed assumption: If I don't take the injection, I shall become ill with the fever.
Question 27. Statement: I'm traveling to South America. I want to be sure that I do not get typhoid fever, so I shall go to my physician and get vaccinated against typhoid fever before I begin my trip.
Proposed assumption: By getting vaccinated against typhoid fever, I decrease the chances that I will get the disease.
Question 28. Statement: I'm traveling to South America. I want to be sure that I do not get typhoid fever, so I shall go to my physician and get vaccinated against typhoid fever before I begin my trip.
Proposed assumption: Typhoid fever is more common in South America than it is where I live.
Question 29. Statement: I'm traveling to South America. I want to be sure that I do not get typhoid fever, so I shall go to my physician and get vaccinated against typhoid fever before I begin my trip.
Proposed assumption: My physician can provide me with a vaccination that will protect me from getting typhoid fever while I am in South America.
Question 30. Statement: If war is inevitable, we'd better launch a preventive war now while we have the advantage.
Proposed assumption: War is inevitable.
Question 31. Statement: If war is inevitable, we'd better launch a preventive war now while we have the advantage.
Proposed assumption: If we fight now, we are more likely to win than we would be if forced to fight later.
Question 32. Statement: If war is inevitable, we'd better launch a preventive war now while we have the advantage.
Proposed assumption: If we don't launch a preventive war now, we'll lose any war that may be started by an enemy later.
Question 33. Carefully read the "Test 3: Deduction" section of the instructions before answering questions 33 - 48.
Statements: No person who thinks scientifically places any faith in the predictions of astrologers. Nevertheless, there are many people who rely on horoscopes provided by astrologers. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: People who lack confidence in horoscopes think scientifically.
Question 34. Statements: No person who thinks scientifically places any faith in the predictions of astrologers. Nevertheless, there are many people who rely on horoscopes provided by astrologers. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Many people do not think scientifically.
Question 35. Statements: No person who thinks scientifically places any faith in the predictions of astrologers. Nevertheless, there are many people who rely on horoscopes provided by astrologers. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Some scientific thinkers trust some astrologers.
Question 36. Statements: All members of symphony orchestras enjoy playing classical music. All members of symphony orchestras spend long hours practicing. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Musicians who play classical music do not mind spending long hours practicing.
Question 37. Statements: All members of symphony orchestras enjoy playing classical music. All members of symphony orchestras spend long hours practicing. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Some musicians who spend long hours practicing enjoy playing classical music.
Question 38. Statements: Rice and celery must have a good deal of moisture in order to grow well, but rye and cotton grow best where it is relatively dry. Rice and cotton grow where it is hot, and celery and rye where it is cool. In Timbuktu, it is very hot and damp. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Neither the temperature nor the moisture conditions in Timbuktu are favorable for growing a celery crop.
Question 39. Statements: Rice and celery must have a good deal of moisture in order to grow well, but rye and cotton grow best where it is relatively dry. Rice and cotton grow where it is hot, and celery and rye where it is cool. In Timbuktu, it is very hot and damp. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: The temperature and moisture conditions in Timbuktu are more favorable for growing rice than for growing celery, cotton, or rye.
Question 40. Statements: Rice and celery must have a good deal of moisture in order to grow well, but rye and cotton grow best where it is relatively dry. Rice and cotton grow where it is hot, and celery and rye where it is cool. In Timbuktu, it is very hot and damp. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Conditions in Timbuktu are not altogether favorable for growing a cotton or a rye crop.
Question 41. Statements: Most persons who attempt to break their smoking habit find that it is something that they can accomplish only with difficulty, or cannot accomplish at all. Nevertheless, there is a growing number of individuals whose strong desire to stop smoking has enabled them to beak the habit permanently. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Only smokers who strongly desire to stop smoking will succeed in doing so.
Question 42. Statements: Most persons who attempt to break their smoking habit find that it is something that they can accomplish only with difficulty, or cannot accomplish at all. Nevertheless, there is a growing number of individuals whose strong desire to stop smoking has enabled them to beak the habit permanently. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: A strong desire to stop smoking helps some people to permanently break the habit.
Question 43. Statements: In one town there are 52 classes in the five elementary schools. Each class contains from 10 to 40 pupils. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: There are at least two classes in the town with exactly the same number of pupils.
Question 44. Statements: In one town there are 52 classes in the five elementary schools. Each class contains from 10 to 40 pupils. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Most elementary school classes in the town contain more than 15 pupils.
Question 45. Statements: In one town there are 52 classes in the five elementary schools. Each class contains from 10 to 40 pupils. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: There are at least 550 pupils in these elementary schools.
Question 46. Statements: Some Russians would like to control the world. All Russians seek a better life for themselves. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Some people who would like to control the world seek a better life for themselves.
Question 47. Statements: Some Russians would like to control the world. All Russians seek a better life for themselves. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: Some people who seek a better life for themselves would like to control the world.
Question 48. Statements: Some Russians would like to control the world. All Russians seek a better life for themselves. Therefore-
Proposed conclusion: If the Russians controlled the world, they would be assured of a better life.
Question 49. Carefully read the "Test 4: Interpretation" section of the instructions before answering questions 49 - 64.
Information: The history of the last 2000 years shows that wars have steadily become more frequent and more destructive. The twentieth century has the worst record thus far on both these counts.
Proposed conclusion: Mankind has not advanced much in the ability to keep peace.
Question 50. Information: The history of the last 2000 years shows that wars have steadily become more frequent and more destructive. The twentieth century has the worst record thus far on both these counts.
Proposed conclusion: If past trends continue, we can expect that there will be more wars in the twentieth-first century than there were in the twentieth century.
Question 51. Information: The history of the last 2000 years shows that wars have steadily become more frequent and more destructive. The twentieth century has the worst record thus far on both these counts.
Proposed conclusion: Wars have become more frequent and more destructive because the world's natural resources have become more valuable.
Question 52. Information: When the United States Steel Corporation was created in 1902, it was the largest corporation America had known up to that time. It produced twice as much steel as all of its domestic competitors put together. Today, the United States Steel Corporation produces about 20 percent of the steel that is made in this country.
Proposed conclusion: In 1902, the United States Steel Corporation produced not less than 66 percent of the total domestic output of steel.
Question 53. Information: When the United States Steel Corporation was created in 1902, it was the largest corporation America had known up to that time. It produced twice as much steel as all of its domestic competitors put together. Today, the United States Steel Corporation produces about 20 percent of the steel that is made in this country.
Proposed conclusion: Today, domestic competitors produce more than three times as much steel as does the United States Steel Corporation.
Question 54. Information: When the United States Steel Corporation was created in 1902, it was the largest corporation America had known up to that time. It produced twice as much steel as all of its domestic competitors put together. Today, the United States Steel Corporation produces about 20 percent of the steel that is made in this country.
Proposed conclusion: The United States Steel Corporation produces less steel today than it did in 1902.
Question 55. Information: Pat had poor posture, had very few friends, was ill at ease in company, and in general was very unhappy. Then a close friend recommended that Pat visit Dr. Baldwin, a reputed expert on helping people improve their personalities. Pat took this recommendation and, after three months of treatment by Dr. Baldwin, develop more friendships, was more at ease, and in general felt happier.
Proposed conclusion: Without Dr. Baldwin's treatment, Pat would not have improved.
Question 56. Information: Pat had poor posture, had very few friends, was ill at ease in company, and in general was very unhappy. Then a close friend recommended that Pat visit Dr. Baldwin, a reputed expert on helping people improve their personalities. Pat took this recommendation and, after three months of treatment by Dr. Baldwin, develop more friendships, was more at ease, and in general felt happier.
Proposed conclusion: Improvements in Pat's life occurred after Dr. Baldwin's treatment started.
Question 57. Information: Pat had poor posture, had very few friends, was ill at ease in company, and in general was very unhappy. Then a close friend recommended that Pat visit Dr. Baldwin, a reputed expert on helping people improve their personalities. Pat took this recommendation and, after three months of treatment by Dr. Baldwin, develop more friendships, was more at ease, and in general felt happier.
Proposed conclusion: Without a friend's advice, Pat would not have heard of Dr. Baldwin.
Question 58. Information: In a certain city where school attendance laws are strictly enforced, it was found that only 15 percent of the students had a perfect attendance record during a single school semester. Among those who sold newspapers, however, 25 percent had a perfect attendance record during the same semester.
Proposed conclusion: Students who sold newspapers were more likely to have perfect attendance records during the semester than students who did not.
Question 59. Information: In a certain city where school attendance laws are strictly enforced, it was found that only 15 percent of the students had a perfect attendance record during a single school semester. Among those who sold newspapers, however, 25 percent had a perfect attendance record during the same semester.
Proposed conclusion: Strict enforcement of school attendance laws in this city did not prevent 85 percent of the students from being absent sometime during the semester.
Question 60. Information: In a certain city where school attendance laws are strictly enforced, it was found that only 15 percent of the students had a perfect attendance record during a single school semester. Among those who sold newspapers, however, 25 percent had a perfect attendance record during the same semester.
Proposed conclusion: If truants were given jobs selling newspapers, their school attendance would improve.
Question 61. Information: In a certain city where school attendance laws are strictly enforced, it was found that only 15 percent of the students had a perfect attendance record during a single school semester. Among those who sold newspapers, however, 25 percent had a perfect attendance record during the same semester.
Proposed conclusion: The low rate of perfect attendance by students in that school system was due mainly to illness or injury.
Question 62. Information: When I go to bed at night, I usually fall asleep quite promptly. But about twice a month I drink coffee during the evening, and whenever I do, I lie awake and toss for hours.
Proposed conclusion: My problem is mostly psychological: I expect that the coffee will keep me awake and therefore it does.
Question 63. Information: When I go to bed at night, I usually fall asleep quite promptly. But about twice a month I drink coffee during the evening, and whenever I do, I lie awake and toss for hours.
Proposed conclusion: I don't fall asleep promptly at night after drinking coffee because the caffeine in it overstimulates my nervous system.
Question 64. Information: When I go to bed at night, I usually fall asleep quite promptly. But about twice a month I drink coffee during the evening, and whenever I do, I lie awake and toss for hours.
Proposed conclusion: On nights when I want to fall asleep promptly, I'd better not drink coffee in the evening.
Question 65. Carefully read the "Test 5: Evaluation of Arguments" section of the instructions before answering questions 65 - 80.
Question: Would a strong labor party promote the general welfare of the people in the United States?
Argument: No; a strong labor party would make it unattractive for private investors to risk their money in business ventures, thus causing sustained large-scle unemployment.
Question 66. Question: Would a strong labor party promote the general welfare of the people in the United States?
Argument: Yes; differences between Republicans and Democrats today are not as great as the differences between liberals and conservatives within those parties.
Question 67. Question: Would a strong labor party promote the general welfare of the people in the United States?
Argument: No; labor unions have called strikes in a number of important industries.
Question 68.
Question: Should groups in this country who are opposed to some of our government's policies be permitted unrestricted freedom of press and speech?
Argument: Yes; a democratic state thrives on free and unrestricted discussion, including criticism.
Question 69.
Question: Should groups in this country who are opposed to some of our government's policies be permitted unrestricted freedom of press and speech?
Argument: No; the countries opposed to our form of government do not permit the free expression of our points of view in their territories.
Question 70.
Question: Should groups in this country who are opposed to some of our government's policies be permitted unrestricted freedom of press and speech?
Argument: No; if given full freedom of press and speech, opposition groups would cause serious internal strife, making our government basically unstable, and eventually leading to the loss of our democracy.
Question 71.
Question: Should the United States Department of Defense keep the public informed of its anticipated scientific research programs by publicizing ahead of time the needs that would be served by each program?
Argument: No; some become critical of the government when widely publicized projects turn out unsuccessfully.
Question 72.
Question: Should the United States Department of Defense keep the public informed of its anticipated scientific research programs by publicizing ahead of time the needs that would be served by each program?
Argument: Yes; only a public so informed will support vital research and development activities with its tax dollars.
Question 73.
Question: Should the United States Department of Defense keep the public informed of its anticipated scientific research programs by publicizing ahead of time the needs that would be served by each program?
Argument: No; it is essential to keep certain military developments secret for national security and defense reasons.
Question 74.
Question: Do juries decide court cases fairly when one of the opposing parties is rich and the other is poor?
Argument: No; because rich people are more likely to settle their cases out of court.
Question 75.
Question: Do juries decide court cases fairly when one of the opposing parties is rich and the other is poor?
Argument: No; most jurors are more sympathetic to poor people than to the rich, and the jurors' sympathies affect their findings.
Question 76.
Question: Do juries decide court cases fairly when one of the opposing parties is rich and the other is poor?
Argument: No; because rich people can afford to hire better lawyers than poor people, and juries are influenced by the skill of the opposing lawyers.
Question 77.
Question: Should pupils be excused from public schools to receive religious instruction in their own churches during school hours?
Argument: No; having public-school children go off to their separate churches during school hours would seriously interfere with the educational process andcreate friction among children of different religions.
Question 78.
Question: Should pupils be excused from public schools to receive religious instruction in their own churches during school hours?
Argument: Yes; religious instruction would help overcome moral emptiness, weakness, and lack of consideration for other people, all of which appear to be current problems in our nation.
Question 79.
Question: Should pupils be excused from public schools to receive religious instruction in their own churches during school hours?
Argument: Yes; religious instruction is very important to the preservation of our democratic values.
Question 80.
Question: Should pupils be excused from public schools to receive religious instruction in their own churches during school hours?
Argument: No; religious instruction during school hours would violate our constitutional separation of church and state; those who desire such instruction are free to get it after school hours.