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The article "Stem Cells and Stem Cell Transplantation" by Maria G. Malzone and others, from The Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy through Adolescence, provides an overview of stem cells and their transplantation as a medical procedure. Stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells capable of becoming specialized cell types, are classified into embryonic and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, capable of turning into any cell type, while adult stem cells are specialized, existing in various tissues for repair. The article explains the role of hematopoietic stem cells in blood production and their potential in treating cancers and immune disorders. It details the process of stem cell transplantation, which involves replacing damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells sourced from either the patient (autologous transplant) or a donor (allogeneic transplant). The procedures include conditioning therapy to prepare the patient, and the importance of matching human leukocyte antigens (HLA) to avoid rejection. Various sources for stem cells, including bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and family member or unrelated donors, are discussed. The risks, especially infection during recovery, are highlighted, along with potential complications like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Need Professional Help?