Assignment:
Guided Response: Respond individually to at least two peers. Assume the role of a faculty member at the local university and ask questions of your peers about the creation of an IRB and how it protects individuals' rights when conducting research. Though two replies is the basic expectation, for deeper engagement and learning, you are encouraged to provide responses to any comments or questions others have given to you, including the instructor. Responding to the replies given to you will further the conversation and provide additional opportunities for you to demonstrate your content expertise, critical thinking, and real-world experiences with this topic.
Discussion 1
Discuss the purpose of creating an IRB. Highlight how the IRB is a way to ensure that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in the research especially regarding special populations.
Discuss how the implementation of an IRB body will be established to protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects recruited to participate in research activities conducted under the auspices of the institution with which it is affiliated.
Discussion 2
"The Institutional Review Board is an administrative body established to protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects recruited to participate in research activities conducted by an institution" (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The IRB is responsible for reviewing all research involving humans and focuses on rights, welfare and privacy of those participating in the research. An IRB is necessary to protect those who participate in research. IRB especially protects those with diminished autonomy. "These boards function by reviewing proposed research studies in order to safeguard and protect human subjects involved in a research study "(Mertler,2017). IRB insure that the researchers respect those in the study, get informed consent from participants during the study, and assess the risks during the study.
Mertler, C. A. (2017). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators (5th ed.)
Institutional Review Board is to protect the rights and welfare of human subjects involved in research (Institutional Review Board Handbook, 2019). IRB, has the authority to approve, disapprove and modified all research activities within its institutional policy. According to "Legal and Ethical Complexities of Consent with Cognitively Impaired Research Subjects", "Experimental proposals should be carefully reviewed, but long delays in processing can be detrimental to scientific progress. A national review board will be unable to review efficiently all experimental proposals involving cognitively impaired subjects. Local IRBs are adequate forums to address these issues provided that they are given clear guidelines, 1996)". The experiment's that are modified to implement these rules need to have all board members present to make their final decision on what should happened next. The board members have a job to conduct to protect the rights of everyone involved.
Ashford Unversity. (2019). Institutional Review Board Handbook
Jessica Wilen Berg. (1996) Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics
The purpose of an Institutional Review Board is to protect the rights and welfare of human subjects involved in research activities being conducted under its authority (Human Research Protection Office, 2019). The IRB is charged with the responsibility of reviewing, prior to its initiation, all research (whether funded or not) involving human participants. The IRB is passionate about protecting the welfare, rights, and privacy of all individuals. The IRB has the authority to approve, disapprove, monitor, and require modifications in all research activities that fall within its jurisdiction as specified by both the federal regulations and institutional policy (Oregon State University, 2019). The IRB shall have at least five members of varying backgrounds in order to provide complete and adequate review of human research and its institutional, legal, scientific, and social implications (Oregon State University, 2019). I feel by the Institutional Review Board has a committee of diverse individuals will make sure everyone is being treated with respect. When individuals are involved in research it is essential for their family and communities to show support.
According to the article on Special Population Requirement, it discusses Parent Consent, Child Assent, and Group Assent. Parent Consent means that parents have to sign for their child(ren) to participate in the research. Also, the parents have to know what their child is going to be doing or what expected from them to accomplish. Child Assent means "children can only be approached with assent after parental consent has been given. The assent can be scripted interaction, though with older minors it can be documented (Special Population Requirements, 2019).
The assent must be in age-appropriate language, explaining that their parents have consented for them to participate (Special Population Requirements, 2019). Communication is very important because the students need to know what they are going to be involved in. This will allow the parent(s) and other individuals to know if the students are comfortable about what they are doing and feel confident doing it. When it comes to Group Assent, the IRB discourage it because some students probably do not want to participate in the procedures/activity. Lastly, IRB focuses on treating all individuals with equality and putting their expectations and wants first to make sure their well-being is taken care of during the research.
Human Research Protection Office. (2019). Purpose of the Human Research Protection Office and Institutional Review Board.
Oregon State University. (2019). What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
University of Florida. (2019). Special Population Requirements.