Question: "Sociology Considered as a Scientific Discipline" Discuss the this statement with the relevant Examples
Answer
Sociology is the systematic study of Society. Sociology is also scientific study of society and social relations. Science was recognized as an independent field study duringthe nineteenth century. Since then science was respected by the many philosophers and theorists including sociologists.
Then the sociologists and professors tried to follow the methods or process used in science. And different sources describe the scientific process in different ways the following are the fundamental steps of scientific method.
Scientist or the Sociologist is following the basic five rules to do their research or the experiment before to release the theory or the law . The five rules are systematic observation, minimizing the errors bias, self-correction by them.
The sociological perspective, as in scientific model, incorporates both theory and research to obtain more accurate understanding of society and human behavior.
This approach facilitates a more complete understanding of social issues and paves the way to find possible solutions to them. However the way of doing research could vary depending on the subject of study and the researcher. Some researchers are mainly focus on statistics or data that can be measured numerically.
The research process followed by quantitative and qualitative researchers are somewhat different. However basic principles and scientific sprit remain the same. These are the steps in research methodology for the science as well as these are the same process used in the sociology too.
1. Select and define the research problem or the issue
2. Review previous research / literature
3. Formulate Hypothesis
4. Develop the research design
5. Collect and analysis data
6. Draw a conclusion
Example:
Select and define the research problem or the issue: I am going to do with the example which I read from the book that was the question on suicide was one of the great social concern which done by Durkhiem ,it raised in the society with the friends of the victims but also the larger questions of causation. And the researcher noted that the rates of suicide differed depending on the society and the conditions. This is the selected research problem.
Review previous research / literature: We need to review the previous researchers review on the particular topic. One explanation on this suicide resulted from the individual was the psychological conditions. Another explanation of this was the natural environment such as climate, temperature, time of the year. But the researcher felt that this information was not adequate and he started to do this in other point of view and found some another reasons for that there were people who committed suicide were mentally ill, some others were not. Neither could he find a clear relationship between alcoholic consumption or between age race or sex and the suicide rate.
Formulate Hypothesis: With the available evidence and using the past experience the researcher came for the conclusion that the basic reasons for the suicide were social nature.
Develop the research design: To test the hypothesis researcher wants to get the statistics data to finalize his hypothesis therefore needs to finalize the data for the particular time this committed suicide in the particular time period.
Collect and analysis data: the researcher started to collect the data for the reasons of suicide and he selected for this European country And America within tis comparing the rate of suicide between two countries committed suicide found that, single people committed suicide rather than the married ones, married but the childless people had higher than the suicide rates than the people with children, City dwellers committed suicide than the village people Men higher than the women and soldiers rather than the civilian. Therefore he analyzed the data and got the final one.
Draw a conclusion: From this evidence through his data analyze concluded that the suicide rate was determined by the degree of social attachments. And he discovered how ever that the relationship was a complex one, Suicide seemed to result from both unusually high levels and unusually low levels of social. Through this he drew the conclusion of these, there are three types of : altruistic ,egoistic and anomic
He did the very excellent work of the clear and simple examples yet through the applications of scientific procedures. Therefore we are considering the Sociology Considered as a Scientific Discipline