Questions related to alcohol in us society

Question

Assignment:

1.The public response to excessive drinking has been a mix of two general approaches:

• Directly reduce drinking + restrict availability/raise prices
• Indirectly reduce drinking + increase availability
• Directly reduce drinking + lower price
• None of the above

2. The "neo-prohibitionists":

• Are comprised of economists, epidemiologists, and other scientists doing research on the causal effects of alcohol-control measures on drinking, abuse, and consequences
• Present the case that the price and availability of alcohol affect the amount of alcohol-related harm to society
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

3. Early in U.S. history, Alexander Hamilton proposed a ____________ to decrease heavy drinking

• Prohibition
• A whiskey tax
• Abstinence
• None of the above

4. During the 1930's a new scientific understanding of alcoholism shifted the focus to:

• Alcohol itself
• Morality
• The small fraction of the population vulnerable to alcoholism
• None of the above

5. Dr. E. M. Jellinek was a researcher that:

• Is considered the godfather of the alcoholism movement
• Identified small portions of the population vulnerable to alcohol
• Suggested that someone with the innate propensity for alcoholism would actually develop the disease depends in part on living in an alcohol wet or dry environment
• All of the above

6. Just like tobacco:

• A small increase in tax would have a small effect on the public health
• A large increase in tax would have a large effect on the public health
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

7. Drinkers are:

• Better educated, richer, less ambivalent
• Poorly educated, poorer, ambivalent
• Exactly the same
• None of the above

8. Prohibition or the 18th Amendment:

• Promoted a substantial reduction in drinking
• Was a political failure
• Was repealed by Constitutional Amendment
• All of the above

9. Federal funding for research and treatment of alcoholism expanded and became institutionalized with the creation of :

• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
• National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA)
• Narcotics Anonymous (NA)
• None of the above

10. Today, the American public is mostly drinking:

• Liquor
• Beer
• Wine
• All of the above equally

11. Today, the "neo-prohibitionist" label suggests people that:

• Are moralistic and naïve
• Seek to reduce alcohol abuse by advocating controls on supply and higher taxes
• Promote deregulation
• Both a and b

12. The first internal revenue measure instituted by the 1st United States Congress was a tax on:

• Wages
• Liquor
• Land
• Tea

13. At the time of the Civil War liquor was used for:

• Drinking
• Fluid for lamps
• Industrial products
• All of the above

14. The most politically effective organization working for Prohibition was:

• Alcoholics Anonymous
• Anti-Saloon League
• League of Women Voters
• Al-Anon

15. The national prohibition was popularly known as the:

• Volstead Act
• Wilson Act
• Webb-Kenyon Act
• Reed Act

16. The Volstead Act banned the ________________ of alcohol.

• Purchase
• Possession
• Consumption
• Manufacture and sale

17. Enforcement of the Volstead Act was done by:

• Congress
• President
• Treasury Department
• Homeland Security

18. The economist Clark Warburton claimed that during Prohibition there was a reduction in he overall consumption of ethanol coupled with a substitution of liquor for beer based on :

• Agricultural sources
• Death rates from alcohol related causes of production
• Arrests for drunkenness
• All of the above

19. The class of people that maintained the same level of drinking throughout Prohibition was:

• Middle and Upper class
• Working class
• Poor
• None of the above

20. Under the 21st amendment the states took the lead in regulating alcohol:

• Excise taxes
• Tax collection
• Distribution and sales
• Both a and b

 

21.The most successful self-help organization of our time is:

• Alcoholics Anonymous
• Narcotics Anonymous
• Al-Anon
• Marijuana Anonymous

22. The co-founders of Alcoholics Anonymous were:

• Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith
• Carl Jung and William James
• John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Pierre S. DuPont
• None of the above

22. E. Morton Jellinek:

• Identified 5 varieties of alcoholism
• Wrote "The Disease Concept of alcoholism"
• Offered a science-based understanding of alcoholism
• All of the above

23 . Jellinek reserved the disease label for those alcoholics:

• Who evidenced dependence by an inability to stop drinking once started
• Who had an inability to refrain from starting to drink
• Who practiced controlled drinking
• Both a and b

24. ______________ was another proponent of the disease model who suggested that uncontrolled, maladaptive ingestion of alcohol is not a disease in the sense of a biological disorder; rather alcoholism is a disorder of behavior:

• George Vaillant
• E.M. Jellinek
• Stanton Peele
• Herb Finagarette

25. A procedure reserved for those that require medical help to mitigate severe withdrawal symptoms is:

• Relapse prevention
• Detoxification
• Liver transplant
• None of the above

26. The case for a genetic basis to alcoholism is strengthened by the observation:

• Identical twins are more alike with respect to the presence or absence of alcoholism than are fraternal twins
• Fraternal twins are more alike with respect to the presence or absence of alcoholism than are identical twins
• Identical and fraternal twins are equally alike with respect to the presence of alcoholism
• Identical and fraternal twins are equally alike with respect to the absence of alcoholism

27. Inpatient rehabilitation programs

• Are the most costly and highly structured
• Traditionally last 28 days
• Include group therapy, individual therapy, and education
• All of the above

28. Project Match was an evaluation study that:

• Involved a 12 week period of individual outpatient sessions
• Randomly assigned patients to 1 of 3 approaches
• Evaluated cognitive-behavioral, motivational enhancement, and 12 step facilitation therapies
• All of the above

29. The alcoholism movement engendered a research program that:

• Seeks to identify individual characteristics that create susceptibility to alcohol problems
• Develop effective treatments
• Obtain federal funding
• Both a and b

30. An intrinsic limitation to the medical approach is that:

• It is not only alcoholics that cause and suffer abuse by their drinking
• No treatment requires voluntary compliance
• Prevention drugs are always effective
• All of the above

31. Quantification is essential to:

• Assessing the scope, pattern, and trends of drinking
• Evaluating particular interventions intended to reduce problematic drinking
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

32. From a population-health perspective:

• Data on overall alcohol sales is irrelevant
• Data on the entire distribution of consumption is of interest
• Neither abstinence or heavy drinking have health implications
• All of the above

33. 80 proof whiskey is:

• 8% alcohol
• 80% alcohol
• 40% alcohol
• 100% alcohol

34. Generally, it is easier to estimate ____________ consumption with some degree of accuracy

• Individual
• The distribution of individual drinking
• Aggregate
• None of the above

35. Problems with using tax records as the basis for estimating alcohol consumption include:

• No account of wastage
• Illicit production for sale (moonshine)
• Tourists
• All of the above

36. The 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) provided an estimate of pro capita consumption that vis about __________ of recorded pro capita sales:

• Half
• Double
• Equal
• None of the above

37.Prudent users of survey data:

• Check data with other surveys, sales data, and other benchmarks
• Trust but verify
• Proceed with certainty in their data alone
• Both a and b

38.The prevalence of drinking peaks in the early ________ for both males and females:

• Teens
• 20's
• 30's
• 40's

39.People in _______ health are more likely to drink:

• Poor
• Fair
• Good
• All of the above

40. In classical liberal thought, a choice is of greater public concern if the resulting harm is to:

• The person making the choice
• Bystanders
• Society overall
• Both a and b

41. The public health perspective attempts to:

• Distribute specific benefits to identified individuals
• Improve the level or rates of health among the entire population or specific groups
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

42. Public health stands closer to a __________ ethic of social justice

• Communication
• Individualistic
• Liberal
• Conservative

43. The sale of cold beer to drivers generates a ________ externality to the extent that it increases the chance that people who share the road with the beer buyer ( and drinker while driving) will collide with the buyer:

• Neutral
• Positive
• Negative
• Zero

44. A wide array of experiments document that ____________ of consequence occurrence seems to contradict the presumption of a rational choice

• Severity
• Timing
• Order
• Lack

45. Self control is a matter of:

• Willpower
• Experience
• Technique
• All of the above

46. The liberal tradition embodied in the harm principle claims to promote the greatest good by:

• Leaving the adult individual free to make his own choices as long as others are not harmed
• Promoting improvement of choices by government regulation
• Denies the intrinsic value of freedom
• None of the above

47. _____________ measures are aimed at reducing the harmful consequences of some unhealthy or unsafe activity

• Government regulation
• Harm reduction
• Public policy
• Abstinence

48. Information provision includes:

• Warning labels on alcoholic beverages
• Public service ads on television and radio
• Alcohol curriculums in school health classes
• All of the above

49. The Cost of Illness (COI) method:

• Is the norm in government reports
• Distinguishes between direct costs and indirect costs resulting from loss of productivity
• Is implicitly based on the maximization of society's present and future production
• All of the above

50. The Willingness to Pay (WTP) method contends:

• The value of a persons life and health is measured by the value placed on enjoying a safe environment
• Enjoyment is subjective and involves decisions that require judgment about the value of small increases or reductions in the probability of death
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

51. Among the causes of death and disability associated with drinking, __________ disproportionally young adults

• Heart disease
• Cirrhosis of the liver
• Traffic accidents
• Brain damage

52. The beer industry contends that it:

• Directly and indirectly employs approximately 1.78 million Americans with 54 billion in wages and benefits
• Has an economic ripple effect that benefits packaging manufacturers, shipping companies, agriculture, and other business's that depend on it
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

53. The brewing industry actively supports a rollback of the 1990 excise tax increase to:

• Provide relief for the lower and middle classes
• Allow brewers and wholesalers to expand and hire more workers
• Boost the American economy
• All of the above

54. The economist Gary Beaker defined the optimal crime rate as:

• Zero crime
• The rate associated with a balancing of marginal costs and benefits of law enforcement
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

55. An example of a harmful consequence of alcohol misuse beyond the reach of a targeted consequence oriented approach is:

• Organ damage from chronic excess drinking
• Drinking while driving
• Domestic violence
• Child abuse

56. In reference to alcohol control measures, the federal government:

• Licenses and collects excise taxes from importers and manufacturers
• Monitors product purity
• Polices illegal production and trafficking
• All of the above

57. America is predominately a __________ drinking country.

• Beer
• Wine
• Liquor
• None of the above

58. In 2005, the Supreme Court ruled that states could ban direct shipment of wine:

• For out of state producers only
• For in state producers only
• For out of state producers only if they did the same for in state producers
• None of the above

59. A surprising feature of government in the liquor trade is:

• 18 states continue to control wholesale distribution as a public monopoly
• 5 states monopolize the retail sale of package spirits
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

60. Taxes have unique advantages as alcohol-control measures since they:

• Help control alcohol abuse and its consequences without a direct restriction on freedom of choice
• Provide a possibility for a calibrated response to the cost of alcohol related problems by being set high, low, or anywhere in between
• Enhance public revenues
• All of the above

61. In recent years the U.S. Congress has set alcohol taxes:

• Far lower than previously
• Far higher than previously
• About the same as previously
• None of the above

62. Federal and state excise taxes:

• Are unit taxes defined in terms of volume rather than product value
• Are paid by the manufacturer or distributor
• Have no automatic inflation protection
• All of the above

63.Unintended consequences of increased taxes and price include:

• Substitution from alcohol to other drugs
• Creation of a black market for alcohol
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

64. A number of empirical studies have found that alcohol and marijuana are:

• Substitutes
• Complements
• Not related
• All of the above

65. In youths the use of one illegal substance results in greater interest and opportunity to try other substances and is known as __________ phenomena:

• Co-op
• Either -Or
• Gateway
• Challenge

66. Alcohol taxes are "regressive" taxes in that:

• On average a larger percentage of the income of poorer households goes to pay this tax than in richer households
• On average a smaller percentage of the income of poorer households goes to pay this tax than in richer households
• On average the same percentage of the income of poorer households goes to pay this tax than in richer households
• None of the above

67. In the public health framework an increase in alcohol taxes is justified by:

• A reduction in morbidity and mortality
• No decrease in overall employment
• Impact on alcohol industry products
• None of the above

68. A 1985 literature summary concludes:

• Most drinkers prefer beer and those drinkers are more likely to drink/drive
• Beer is disproportionately preferred by higher risk groups
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

69. Alcohol control is:

• All or nothing
• A continuum of possibilities
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

70. In addition to alcohol control there are two other vital approaches for public intervention:

• Time, place, and circumstances + harm reduction
• Time, place, and circumstances + abstinence
• Alcoholics Anonymous + Disease Model
• None of the above

71. Time, place, and circumstances:

• Include efforts to motivate people to refrain from drinking when it is likely to cause damage
• Matters are largely dealt with through counseling and private authority
• May require government authority for intervention in some areas
• All of the above

72. Harm reduction:

• Helps make the world safer for drunks
• Has goal to ease some of the natural consequences of excessive drinking
• Demands total abstinence
• All of the above

73. In public opinion surveys, a large majority of the public indicate support for increasing alcohol taxes provided:

• The revenues be used for targeted and preventive programs or some other good use
• The revenues are a preventative measure in themselves
• The revenues go into the general fund for all to use
• None of the above

74. The federal government has pushed for additional restrictions on youthful drinking by:

• Requiring campuses and military installations to enforce the minimum legal drinking age laws
• Having states adopt zero tolerance for teen drivers
• Both a and b
• Neither a or b

True or False Questions

76. During the last half century, the public policy to reduce excessive drinking has largely neglected restricting availability and raising the price of alcohol.

77. Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) has been an ineffective influence on policy change referencing drunk drivers.

78. Congress adopted a national minimum drinking age of 21 in the hope of reducing the fatal accident rate for teen drivers.

79.Throughout U.S. history there has been one standard in response to alcohol related issues.

80.In the 1880's, the Women's Christian Temperance Union denounced alcohol itself as the problem, rather than the abuse of it

81. Prohibition proved to be a considerable disappointment to the public and the business community.

82. Dr. Edward Jellinek recognized the importance of social context in the development of alcoholism

83. In the U.S., public attention referencing alcohol related problems is primarily focused on drunk drivingEffective alcohol prevention programs address only the issues of those community members dependent on alcohol.

84. A sizeable share of drinking deaths involves innocent bystanders.

85. Alcohol taxes have received far more attention by state legislatures than cigarette taxes

86. The evidence supporting the public health benefits of increased alcohol taxes is every bit as strong as for cigarette taxes.

87. Over twice as many Americans drink as smoke.

88. Drinkers as a group are less politically influential since they are less educated, poorer, and ambivalent.

89. Prohibition was established by the 18th Amendment.

90. Prohibition was ended by the 22nd Amendment

91. According to the textbook, Prohibition was destined to failure as it attempted to legislate morality

92. Alcohol taxes are imposed to generate revenue.

93. The Volstead act banned all beverages containing more than 10% alcohol.

94. Home production of wine and hard cider for personal use was allowed during Prohibition.

95. By the late 1920's, one million gallons of Canadian liquor made its way into the U.S. per year. The reformers and moralists were pleased with the results of Prohibition.

96. The Women's organization for National Prohibition Reform campaigned to strictly enforce Prohibition

97. The best measure of alcohol consumption is tax paid sales

100. The economist Warburton contends that the business, professional, and salaried class sustained their average pre-prohibition alcohol consumption levels throughout prohibition.

101. After Repeal the federal government was more motivated and more successful in enforcing the tax law than enforcing the previous prohibition law.

102. Jellinek's designation of alcoholism as a "disease" was a new idea

103. The alcoholism movement insisted that only a small minority is vulnerable.

104. The AA tenet is that alcoholics are "allergic" to alcohol.

105. Heavy drinking is not enough evidence to make the diagnosis of an illness.

106. The disease label may help to remove the stigma associated with alcoholism.

107. The natural history of alcoholism was best documented by George Vaillant.

108. Vaillant noted undergoing detoxification as a marker for those early on the continuum of alcohol related problems.

109. Jellinek proposed that the interaction of individual susceptibility and the alcohol "wetness" of the environment determine the likelihood of individual alcoholism.

110. The "flushing response" is common among some African populations. Twin studies proved that a single gene shapes alcoholism risk.

111. Biology is irrelevant to alcoholism.

112. Alcoholism is the result of both individual and environmental determinants.

113. Inpatient treatment programs are the least costly form of alcoholism treatment. Outpatient treatment services last 28 successive days and are highly structured.

114. Cognitive behavioral therapy seeks to develop the patient's coping skills

116. Motivational enhancement therapy seeks to strengthen the patient's intrinsic motivation to change.

117. 12-step facilitation identifies and disputes the patient's irrational belief system. There is no doubt about the efficacy of psychotherapy alone in helping alcoholics give up drinking. The drug disulfuran (Antabuse) has proven to be of major therapeutic benefit in curing alcoholism.

119. Brief counseling by a family physician has demonstrated to be effective in promoting more moderate drinking in patients

120. 3.4% of the adult public is currently dependent by DSM-V definition.

121. All treatment requires voluntary compliance by the drinker.

122. Prevention of harmful drinking patterns and alcoholism prevention efforts are unimportant today.

123. Wines are fermented from the sugars in fruit, berries, and other sources.

124. Beers are fermented from grains before the starch in them is converted to sugar.

125. The distinctive ingredient in wine, beer, and distilled spirits is ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol.

126. Distilled spirits contain between 40% and 50% alcohol.

127. Proof is simply twice the percentage of alcohol content by volume.

128. A standard drink of beer (12oz.), wine (5 oz.), or distilled spirits (1.5oz.) provides the same dose of alcohol.

129. Aggregate data for study is usually derived from tax records

130. Surveys tend to overestimate alcohol consumption by a wide margin.

131. The only practical means of obtaining information on individual consumption, and on drinking patterns within a group is by direct observation.

132. The heaviest drinkers account for the bulk of alcohol consumption

133. Per the 2001 - 2002 NESARC, in the U.S. the top decile of the population consumes well over half the alcohol in any one year.

134. The heaviest drinkers are of little consequence to the sales and profitability of the alcohol beverage industry

135. Survey data indicates no differences in drinking patterns among population groups.

136. Blacks are more likely to report drinking than Hispanics or Whites.

137. Married people are more likely to binge drink than singles

138. People with college degrees are less likely to drink.

139. Women attending school are associated with lower rates of drinking.

140. People in the two highest income brackets are more likely to drink than those in the lowest income group.

141. Men drink more than women.

142. Youths drink more than the elderly.

143. The population distribution of consumption among those who drink follows a particular shape with a high concentration of total consumption at the upper tail.

144. The use of government authority to restrict commerce and choice in the name of enhancing safety is universally accepted and approved in the U.S

145. Government agencies are quick to intervene when a pregnant woman drinks too much and places her unborn baby at risk of being born with severe defects

146. The threshold for intervention by government should rightly be lower than the threshold for intervention by employers and friends.

147. In the public health view, the community interest is not just the sum of self-regarding individual interests.

148. The individualistic perspective was suggested by President Kennedy when he stated, "ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country."

149. The effects on bystanders are called externalities

150. A negative externality occurs when effects are harmful

151. Self control is not just a matter of willpower, but also experience and technique.

152. Self - Management is a costly and imperfect craft, and some people are better at it than others.

153. Harm reduction measures benefit the drinkers themselves.

154. The "moral hazard" effect is an intended and desired consequence of harm reduction.

155. Information provision is a coercive approach.

156. The cost of illness (COI) method is generally preferred over the willingness to pay (WTP) by economists for translating injury and death into dollars.

157. Economists assume that the market cannot provide an accurate indication of the publics trade off between safety and money

158. Our willingness to pay for enhanced safety for ourselves and loved ones comprises the entire picture since we have no financial stake in the health and safety of strangers

159. For a life saved or a disability averted the community is viewed as paying without gain

160. Individual production and consumption are consistent and remain the same over life course

161. Interventions that save younger lives tend to have a positive effect on the collective standard of living.

162. Alcohol is currently under-taxed and in some respects under-regulated.

163. The states have been in the business of taxing and regulating alcoholic beverages since repeal.

164. Taxes and other restrictions on alcohol supply are indiscriminate.

165. The notion of drinking as a privilege rather than a right would be a hard sell to voters in the U.S

166. The array of DUI interventions championed by MADD and other advocacy groups has had no effect on DUI incidence and fatality rates.

167. Enforcing DUI and criminal laws is a profitable enterprise

168. Alcohol taxes are now too low.

169. The revenue motive has remained paramount in federal and state tax policy.

170. Lower alcohol prices are conducive to lower rates of underage drinking.

171. Higher prices and restrictive availability of alcoholic beverages reduce per capita consumption of ethanol.

172. Alcohol control measures are relatively minor influences in comparison with ethnic background, genetic make-up, sex, age, religion, and culture.

173. Selective strengthening of alcohol control would ease the struggle to limit abuse, enhance the public safety, and increase our collective standard of living.

Essay Questions

174. Describe in detail the effects of alcohol and other substance use on intimate partner violence. Detail its prevalence, epidemiology, and critical issues. Explain the various relationships between alcohol/substance use and intimate partner violence. Include an explanation of the association between chronic substance abuse and intimate partner violence as well as its impact.

175. Describe in detail the 6 assessment dimensions of the ASAM patient placement criteria. Discuss their impact on proper placement and treatment planning.

176. Describe Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), its origins, history, and development. Detail the AA program of recovery, philosophy, and how it works.

177. Describe in detail group therapy. Include a discussion of its curative factors, history, and processes. Note the various types of therapy groups and how they work.

178. Describe in detail the Stages of Change denoting each stage and describing the paths and processes associated with this model and each stage.

Essay Questions

179. Describe Al-Anon, its history, foundations, and detail its strategy and how it works.

180. Compare Internet Therapy, Internet Self Help, and no treatment for problematic alcohol use. Describe and compare each modality and discuss the relative effectiveness of each.

181. Compare Individual Counseling to Group Counseling treatment from a motivational intervention standpoint. Note the implications and resultant effects after each form of treatment.

182. Explain the concept of DUI in detail.

Essay Questions

183. Describe in detail the origins, contributions, actions, and effect of RID.

184. Describe in detail the origins, contributions, actions, and effect of MADD.